Learn BASH -- Pipelines (from bash manual)

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#bash #command #input #each #output #function

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本文介绍了管道命令的基本功能，即通过管道连接多个命令，使得前一个命令的输出成为后一个命令的输入。特别指出当使用‘|&’时，第一个命令的标准错误会被连接到第二个命令的标准输入。此外还提到每个管道中的命令都在各自的子shell中执行。

1. Pipe's function:

The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipeto the input of the next command. That is, each command reads the previous command's output. Thisconnection is performed before any redirections specified by thecommand.

2. Note: If ‘|&’ is used, the standard error of command1 is connected tocommand2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for2>&1 |. This implicit redirection of the standard error isperformed after any redirections specified by the command.

3. Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell