Install Oracle Database 12c Release 1 on OEL5

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-24 17:23:55 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/ljsjr/article/details/16804645

本文详细记录了 Oracle 12c 数据库在 Linux 系统上的安装过程，包括环境准备、依赖包安装、系统配置及权限设置等关键步骤，并验证了安装的成功。

有的时候想想自己到底会有多懒，懒着写博客，已经不知道上一篇博客是什么时候写的。离12c 的发行版已经有段时间了。有着当时的热情给介质下了，却懒着整理，今天抽出来点时间，整理一篇，以便于学习。

具体参考http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16655_01/install.121/e17720.pdf

oracle 12c 介质下载路径：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/database12c-linux-download-1959253.html

对于oracle 12c 的安装，我一般总会第一时间的去通读一遍官方文档，万变不离其宗的观点，个人总的会认为主要有几块的思路：

1、采用yum源的配置

2、Install 之前的配置(以及检查系统信息、内存信息、创建用户、创建路径等)

3、install software （包含设置环境变量等）

4、netca（配置网络端口号以及客户端的连接方式）

5、dbca（软件安装完成后，已连接到空闲例程。需要DBCA去创建）

此文档没有采用asm

[root@oracle12c ~]# uname -a
Linux oracle12c 2.6.39-300.26.1.el5uek #1 SMP Thu Jan 3 18:31:38 PST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@oracle12c ~]# 
[root@oracle12c ~]# mkdir /media/disk
[root@oracle12c ~]# touch /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-el5.repo 
[root@oracle12c ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-el5.repo 
[root@oracle12c ~]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-el5.repo 
[oel5]
name = Enterprise Linux 5.5 DVD
baseurl=file:///media/disk/Server/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@oracle12c ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/disk
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@oracle12c ~]# mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /media/disk type iso9660 (ro)

[root@oracle12c ~]# yum install clean
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
oel5                                                                                                                                            | 1.1 kB     00:00     
oel5/primary                                                                                                                                    | 1.5 MB     00:00     
oel5                                                                                                                                                         3344/3344
Setting up Install Process
No package clean available.
Nothing to do


---oracle linux 5 
[root@oracle12c ~]# yum install oracle-validated -y

--oracle linux 6
yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall


[root@oracle12c ~]# yum install oracle-validated -y
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with ULN.
You can use up2date --register to register.
ULN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-17.el5 set to be updated
oel5/filelists                                                                                                                                  | 3.3 MB     00:00     
--> Processing Dependency: sysstat for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: unixODBC-devel for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbc.so.1 for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: libXp.so.6 for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: libodbc.so.1()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated
---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-12.0.1.el5 set to be updated
---> Package unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: unixODBC = 2.2.11-10.el5 for package: unixODBC-devel
---> Package unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
---> Package unixODBC-libs.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
---> Package unixODBC-libs.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                      Arch                               Version                                        Repository                        Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-validated                             x86_64                             1.1.0-17.el5                                   oel5                              20 k
Installing for dependencies:
 libXp                                        i386                               1.0.0-8.1.el5                                  oel5                              22 k
 libaio-devel                                 i386                               0.3.106-5                                      oel5                              12 k
 libaio-devel                                 x86_64                             0.3.106-5                                      oel5                              11 k
 sysstat                                      x86_64                             7.0.2-12.0.1.el5                               oel5                             188 k
 unixODBC                                     x86_64                             2.2.11-10.el5                                  oel5                             291 k
 unixODBC-devel                               i386                               2.2.11-10.el5                                  oel5                             738 k
 unixODBC-devel                               x86_64                             2.2.11-10.el5                                  oel5                             793 k
 unixODBC-libs                                i386                               2.2.11-10.el5                                  oel5                             551 k
 unixODBC-libs                                x86_64                             2.2.11-10.el5                                  oel5                             554 k

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Install      10 Package(s)
Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 3.1 M
Downloading Packages:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                   49 MB/s | 3.1 MB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : unixODBC-libs                                                                                                                                  1/10 
  Installing     : unixODBC                                                                                                                                       2/10 
  Installing     : sysstat                                                                                                                                        3/10 
  Installing     : unixODBC-devel                                                                                                                                 4/10 
  Installing     : libaio-devel                                                                                                                                   5/10 
  Installing     : libaio-devel                                                                                                                                   6/10 
  Installing     : unixODBC-libs                                                                                                                                  7/10 
  Installing     : libXp                                                                                                                                          8/10 
  Installing     : unixODBC-devel                                                                                                                                 9/10 
  Installing     : oracle-validated                                                                                                                              10/10 

Installed:
  oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-17.el5                                                                                                                               

Dependency Installed:
  libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5                libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5            libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5            sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-12.0.1.el5      
  unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5           unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5      unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5      unixODBC-libs.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5     
  unixODBC-libs.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5     

Complete!
[root@oracle12c ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        3089112 kB

[root@oracle12c ~]#  grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       6289440 kB
[root@oracle12c ~]# df -h /tmp
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2              43G  3.2G   38G   8% /

[root@oracle12c ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2              43G  3.2G   38G   8% /
/dev/sda1              99M   23M   72M  24% /boot
tmpfs                 1.5G     0  1.5G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0              3.8G  3.8G     0 100% /media/disk
[root@oracle12c ~]# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       3089112    1334680    1754432          0      99424     880344
-/+ buffers/cache:     354912    2734200
Swap:      6289440          0    6289440
[root@oracle12c ~]# uname -m
x86_64

[root@oracle12c ~]# more /etc/fstab |grep "tmpfs"
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1		localhost.localdomain localhost
::1		localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6


192.168.3.200 oracle12c

[root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd dba
[root@oracle12c ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle




[root@oracle12c ~]# usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@oracle12c ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)


[root@oracle12c ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@oracle12c ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824  
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576


[root@oracle12c ~]# sysctl -p




[root@oracle12c ~]# mkdir /u01
[root@oracle12c ~]# chmod -R 755 /u01
[root@oracle12c /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall u01
[root@oracle12c ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@oracle12c ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle




[root@oracle12c home]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ ls
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ mkdir software
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ ls
software


[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ cd software/
[oracle@oracle12c software]$ ls
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 1 of 2).zip  Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 2 of 2).zip

用xftp上传

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 1 of 2).zip

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 2 of 2).zip

这两个介质

并且解压

unzip  Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 1 of 2).zip unzip Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 2 of 2).zip

[oracle@oracle12c database]$ export LANG=c
[oracle@oracle12c database]$ ./runInstaller 
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...


Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 32199 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 6142 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-11-18_11-44-04AM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracle12c database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2013-11-18_11-44-04AM.log
 出现图形界面








用root 用户跑这两个脚本：
[root@oracle12c ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.


Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.




[root@oracle12c ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c 


The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1


Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:    
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...




Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

顺便.给环境变量给改了：
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ cat .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile


# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi


# User specific environment and startup programs


PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin


export PATH


export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora12c
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china.zhs16gbk'
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ . .bash_profile 
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ 













安装后的验证：
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 11月 18 14:01:13 2013


Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.




连接到: 
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options


SQL> show user
USER 为 "SYS"
SQL> exit

SQL> create user testora identified by testora
  2  ;


用户已创建。


SQL> grant dba to testora;


授权成功。


SQL> exit
从 Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options 断开
[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ sqlplus testora/testora@192.168.3.200:1521/ora12c


SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 11月 18 14:06:16 2013


Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.




连接到: 
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options


SQL> show user
USER 为 "TESTORA"