PostThreadMessage

window线程间传送消息仔细的看了一遍,觉得以前的理解很不深刻。说一说对PostThreadMessage的理解。

PostThreadMessage是一个线程体发送一个消息到指定的线程ID,其原型如下:

BOOL PostThreadMessage(          
                    DWORD idThread,
                    UINT Msg,   
                    WPARAM wParam,    
                    LPARAM lParam
);

这个函数既可以发送消息给工作线程,也可以发送给UI线程。接受PostThreadMessage的线程必须已经有了一个message queue,否则调用PostThreadMessage会失败。因为此原因使用GetLastError会得到错误码为1444,这种情况经常出现,解决方法有如下两种:

1.         调用PostThreadMessage,如果失败,就Sleep一段时间再次调用PostThreadMessage直到调用成功;

2.         创建一个Event对象,让PostThreadMessage等待接受的线程创建一个message queue。可以通过调用PeekMessage强制系统创建一个message queue。示例代码如下:

假设mainAPP是发送线程ThreadA是接受线程

/*mainAPP.cpp*/
……
hStartEvent = ::CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0); //create thread start event
if(hStartEvent == 0)
{
          printf("create start event failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());
          return 1;
}
::WaitForSingleObject(hStartEvent,INFINITE);
CloseHandle(hStartEvent);
if(!PostThreadMessage(threadaID, WM_MESSAGE_A,0,0))
{
          _tprintf(_T("post error! %d\n"), GetLastError());
          return 1;
}
……

ThreadA是接受线程

/* ThreadA */
MSG msg;
PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, WM_USER, WM_USER, PM_NOREMOVE);
if(!SetEvent(hStartEvent))
{
          printf("set event error,%d\n",GetLastError());
          return 1;
}
while(true){
          if(GetMessage(&msg, 0,0,0)) {
                    switch(msg.message){
                              case WM_MESSAGE_A:
                               ……
                               break;
                              }
                    }
          }
}

PostThreadMessage传递的消息如果要包含信息,要注意在结束的时候释放消息中的信息。在消息中附加信息方法如下

/*构造信息如下*/
char* pInfo = new char[MAX_INFO_SIZE]; //create dynamic msg
sprintf(pInfo,"msg_%d",++count);
PostThreadMessage(nThreadID,MY_MSG,(WPARAM)pInfo,0)//post thread msg
/*解释信息如下*/
if(GetMessage(&msg,0,0,0)) //get msg from message queue
{
            switch(msg.message)
            {
            case MY_MSG:
            char * pInfo = (char *)msg.wParam;
            printf("recv %s\n",pInfo);
delete[] pInfo; //这里释放了资源
            break;
            }
}

做了一个简单的消息通信实验,让主线程中等待用户输入,产生不同的消息,并把这些消息post给子线程,子线程根据产生的消息做出不同的反映。这些子线程可以是工作线程也可以是UI线程。


#include <windows.h>
            #include <cstdio>
            #include <process.h>

#define MY_MSG WM_USER+100
const int MAX_INFO_SIZE = 20;

            HANDLE hStartEvent; // thread start event

// thread function
unsigned __stdcall fun(void *param)
            {
                printf("thread fun start\n");

                MSG msg;
                PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, WM_USER, WM_USER, PM_NOREMOVE);

                if(!SetEvent(hStartEvent)) //set thread start event
    {
                    printf("set start event failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());
                    return 1;
                }
               
                while(true)
                {
                    if(GetMessage(&msg,0,0,0)) //get msg from message queue
        {
                        switch(msg.message)
                        {
                        case MY_MSG:
                            char * pInfo = (char *)msg.wParam;
                            printf("recv %s\n",pInfo);
                            delete[] pInfo;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                };
                return 0;
            }

int main()
            {
                HANDLE hThread;
                unsigned nThreadID;

                hStartEvent = ::CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0); //create thread start event
    if(hStartEvent == 0)
                {
                    printf("create start event failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());
                    return 1;
                }

                //start thread
    hThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &fun, NULL, 0, &nThreadID );
                if(hThread == 0)
                {
                    printf("start thread failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());
                    CloseHandle(hStartEvent);
                    return 1;
                }

                //wait thread start event to avoid PostThreadMessage return errno:1444
    ::WaitForSingleObject(hStartEvent,INFINITE);
                CloseHandle(hStartEvent);

                int count = 0;
                while(true)
                {
                    char* pInfo = new char[MAX_INFO_SIZE]; //create dynamic msg
        sprintf(pInfo,"msg_%d",++count);
                    if(!PostThreadMessage(nThreadID,MY_MSG,(WPARAM)pInfo,0))//post thread msg
        {
                        printf("post message failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());
                        delete[] pInfo;
                    }
                    ::Sleep(1000);
                }

                CloseHandle(hThread);
                return 0;
            }
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