参考:http://www.littledai.com/20110408/112443/791
http://www.cnblogs.com/newcj/archive/2011/08/10/2134305.html
一、MIME TYPE描述
多用途互联网邮件扩展(MIME,Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)是一个互联网标准,它扩展了电子邮件标准,使其能够支持非ASCII字符、二进制格式附件等多种格式的邮件消息。
内容类型(Content-Type),这个头部领域用于指定消息的类型。一般以下面的形式出现。[type]/[subtype]
type有下面的形式。
- Text:用于标准化地表示的文本信息,文本消息可以是多种字符集和或者多种格式的;
- Multipart:用于连接消息体的多个部分构成一个消息,这些部分可以是不同类型的数据;
- Application:用于传输应用程序数据或者二进制数据;
- Message:用于包装一个E-mail消息;
- Image:用于传输静态图片数据;
- Audio:用于传输音频或者音声数据;
- Video:用于传输动态影像数据,可以是与音频编辑在一起的视频数据格式。
subtype用于指定type的详细形式。content-type/subtype配对的集合和与此相关的参数,将随着时间而增长。为了确保这些值在一个有序而且公开的状态下开发,MIME使用Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)作为中心的注册机制来管理这些值。常用的subtype值如下所示:
- text/plain(纯文本)
- text/html(HTML文档)
- application/xhtml+xml(XHTML文档)
- image/gif(GIF图像)
- image/jpeg(JPEG图像)【PHP中为:image/pjpeg】
- image/png(PNG图像)【PHP中为:image/x-png】
- video/mpeg(MPEG动画)
- application/octet-stream(任意的二进制数据)
- application/pdf(PDF文档)
- application/msword(Microsoft Word文件)
- message/rfc822(RFC 822形式)
- multipart/alternative(HTML邮件的HTML形式和纯文本形式,相同内容使用不同形式表示)
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded(使用HTTP的POST方法提交的表单)
- multipart/form-data(同上,但主要用于表单提交时伴随文件上传的场合)
| 文件类型 | mime名称 | 文件类型 | mime名称 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3gp | video/3gpp | pdb | chemical/x-pdb | |
| aab | application/x-authoware-bin | application/pdf | ||
| aam | application/x-authoware-map | pfr | application/font-tdpfr | |
| aas | application/x-authoware-seg | pgm | image/x-portable-graymap | |
| ai | application/postscript | pict | image/x-pict | |
| aif | audio/x-aiff | pm | application/x-perl | |
| aifc | audio/x-aiff | pmd | application/x-pmd | |
| aiff | audio/x-aiff | png | image/png | |
| als | audio/X-Alpha5 | pnm | image/x-portable-anymap | |
| amc | application/x-mpeg | pnz | image/png | |
| ani | application/octet-stream | pot | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | |
| apk | application/vnd.android.package-archive | ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap | |
| asc | text/plain | pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | |
| asd | application/astound | ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | |
| asf | video/x-ms-asf | pqf | application/x-cprplayer | |
| asn | application/astound | pqi | application/cprplayer | |
| asp | application/x-asap | prc | application/x-prc | |
| asx | video/x-ms-asf | proxy | application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig | |
| au | audio/basic | ps | application/postscript | |
| avb | application/octet-stream | ptlk | application/listenup | |
| avi | video/x-msvideo | pub | application/x-mspublisher | |
| awb | audio/amr-wb | pvx | video/x-pv-pvx | |
| bcpio | application/x-bcpio | qcp | audio/vnd.qcelp | |
| bin | application/octet-stream | qt | video/quicktime | |
| bld | application/bld | qti | image/x-quicktime | |
| bld2 | application/bld2 | qtif | image/x-quicktime | |
| bmp | image/bmp | r3t | text/vnd.rn-realtext3d | |
| bpk | application/octet-stream | ra | audio/x-pn-realaudio | |
| bz2 | application/x-bzip2 | ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio | |
| cal | image/x-cals | rar | application/x-rar-compressed | |
| ccn | application/x-cnc | ras | image/x-cmu-raster | |
| cco | application/x-cocoa | rdf | application/rdf+xml | |
| cdf | application/x-netcdf | rf | image/vnd.rn-realflash | |
| cgi | magnus-internal/cgi | rgb | image/x-rgb | |
| chat | application/x-chat | rlf | application/x-richlink | |
| class | application/octet-stream | rm | audio/x-pn-realaudio | |
| clp | application/x-msclip | rmf | audio/x-rmf | |
| cmx | application/x-cmx | rmm | audio/x-pn-realaudio | |
| co | application/x-cult3d-object | rmvb | audio/x-pn-realaudio | |
| cod | image/cis-cod | rnx | application/vnd.rn-realplayer | |
| cpio | application/x-cpio | roff | application/x-troff | |
| cpt | application/mac-compactpro | rp | image/vnd.rn-realpix | |
| crd | application/x-mscardfile | rpm | audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin | |
| csh | application/x-csh | rt | text/vnd.rn-realtext | |
| csm | chemical/x-csml | rte | x-lml/x-gps | |
| csml | chemical/x-csml | rtf | application/rtf | |
| css | text/css | rtg | application/metastream | |
| cur | application/octet-stream | rtx | text/richtext | |
| dcm | x-lml/x-evm | rv | video/vnd.rn-realvideo | |
| dcr | application/x-director | rwc | application/x-rogerwilco | |
| dcx | image/x-dcx | s3m | audio/x-mod | |
| dhtml | text/html | s3z | audio/x-mod | |
| dir | application/x-director | sca | application/x-supercard | |
| dll | application/octet-stream | scd | application/x-msschedule | |
| dmg | application/octet-stream | sdf | application/e-score | |
| dms | application/octet-stream | sea | application/x-stuffit | |
| doc | application/msword | sgm | text/x-sgml | |
| dot | application/x-dot | sgml | text/x-sgml | |
| dvi | application/x-dvi | sh | application/x-sh | |
| dwf | drawing/x-dwf | shar | application/x-shar | |
| dwg | application/x-autocad | shtml | magnus-internal/parsed-html | |
| dxf | application/x-autocad | shw | application/presentations | |
| dxr | application/x-director | si6 | image/si6 | |
| ebk | application/x-expandedbook | si7 | image/vnd.stiwap.sis | |
| emb | chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide | si9 | image/vnd.lgtwap.sis | |
| embl | chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide | sis | application/vnd.symbian.install | |
| eps | application/postscript | sit | application/x-stuffit | |
| eri | image/x-eri | skd | application/x-Koan | |
| es | audio/echospeech | skm | application/x-Koan | |
| esl | audio/echospeech | skp | application/x-Koan | |
| etc | application/x-earthtime | skt | application/x-Koan | |
| etx | text/x-setext | slc | application/x-salsa | |
| evm | x-lml/x-evm | smd | audio/x-smd | |
| evy | application/x-envoy | smi | application/smil | |
| exe | application/octet-stream | smil | application/smil | |
| fh4 | image/x-freehand | smp | application/studiom | |
| fh5 | image/x-freehand | smz | audio/x-smd | |
| fhc | image/x-freehand | snd | audio/basic | |
| fif | image/fif | spc | text/x-speech | |
| fm | application/x-maker | spl | application/futuresplash | |
| fpx | image/x-fpx | spr | application/x-sprite | |
| fvi | video/isivideo | sprite | application/x-sprite | |
| gau | chemical/x-gaussian-input | spt | application/x-spt | |
| gca | application/x-gca-compressed | src | application/x-wais-source | |
| gdb | x-lml/x-gdb | stk | application/hyperstudio | |
| gif | image/gif | stm | audio/x-mod | |
| gps | application/x-gps | sv4cpio | application/x-sv4cpio | |
| gtar | application/x-gtar | sv4crc | application/x-sv4crc | |
| gz | application/x-gzip | svf | image/vnd | |
| hdf | application/x-hdf | svg | image/svg-xml | |
| hdm | text/x-hdml | svh | image/svh | |
| hdml | text/x-hdml | svr | x-world/x-svr | |
| hlp | application/winhlp | swf | application/x-shockwave-flash | |
| hqx | application/mac-binhex40 | swfl | application/x-shockwave-flash | |
| htm | text/html | t | application/x-troff | |
| html | text/html | tad | application/octet-stream | |
| hts | text/html | talk | text/x-speech | |
| ice | x-conference/x-cooltalk | tar | application/x-tar | |
| ico | application/octet-stream | taz | application/x-tar | |
| ief | image/ief | tbp | application/x-timbuktu | |
| ifm | image/gif | tbt | application/x-timbuktu | |
| ifs | image/ifs | tcl | application/x-tcl | |
| imy | audio/melody | tex | application/x-tex | |
| ins | application/x-NET-Install | texi | application/x-texinfo | |
| ips | application/x-ipscript | texinfo | application/x-texinfo | |
| ipx | application/x-ipix | tgz | application/x-tar | |
| it | audio/x-mod | thm | application/vnd.eri.thm | |
| itz | audio/x-mod | tif | image/tiff | |
| ivr | i-world/i-vrml | tiff | image/tiff | |
| j2k | image/j2k | tki | application/x-tkined | |
| jad | text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor | tkined | application/x-tkined | |
| jam | application/x-jam | toc | application/toc | |
| jar | application/java-archive | toy | image/toy | |
| jnlp | application/x-java-jnlp-file | tr | application/x-troff | |
| jpe | image/jpeg | trk | x-lml/x-gps | |
| jpeg | image/jpeg | trm | application/x-msterminal | |
| jpg | image/jpeg | tsi | audio/tsplayer | |
| jpz | image/jpeg | tsp | application/dsptype | |
| js | application/x-javascript | tsv | text/tab-separated-values | |
| jwc | application/jwc | tsv | text/tab-separated-values | |
| kjx | application/x-kjx | ttf | application/octet-stream | |
| lak | x-lml/x-lak | ttz | application/t-time | |
| latex | application/x-latex | txt | text/plain | |
| lcc | application/fastman | ult | audio/x-mod | |
| lcl | application/x-digitalloca | ustar | application/x-ustar | |
| lcr | application/x-digitalloca | uu | application/x-uuencode | |
| lgh | application/lgh | uue | application/x-uuencode | |
| lha | application/octet-stream | vcd | application/x-cdlink | |
| lml | x-lml/x-lml | vcf | text/x-vcard | |
| lmlpack | x-lml/x-lmlpack | vdo | video/vdo | |
| lsf | video/x-ms-asf | vib | audio/vib | |
| lsx | video/x-ms-asf | viv | video/vivo | |
| lzh | application/x-lzh | vivo | video/vivo | |
| m13 | application/x-msmediaview | vmd | application/vocaltec-media-desc | |
| m14 | application/x-msmediaview | vmf | application/vocaltec-media-file | |
| m15 | audio/x-mod | vmi | application/x-dreamcast-vms-info | |
| m3u | audio/x-mpegurl | vms | application/x-dreamcast-vms | |
| m3url | audio/x-mpegurl | vox | audio/voxware | |
| ma1 | audio/ma1 | vqe | audio/x-twinvq-plugin | |
| ma2 | audio/ma2 | vqf | audio/x-twinvq | |
| ma3 | audio/ma3 | vql | audio/x-twinvq | |
| ma5 | audio/ma5 | vre | x-world/x-vream | |
| man | application/x-troff-man | vrml | x-world/x-vrml | |
| map | magnus-internal/imagemap | vrt | x-world/x-vrt | |
| mbd | application/mbedlet | vrw | x-world/x-vream | |
| mct | application/x-mascot | vts | workbook/formulaone | |
| mdb | application/x-msaccess | wav | audio/x-wav | |
| mdz | audio/x-mod | wax | audio/x-ms-wax | |
| me | application/x-troff-me | wbmp | image/vnd.wap.wbmp | |
| mel | text/x-vmel | web | application/vnd.xara | |
| mi | application/x-mif | wi | image/wavelet | |
| mid | audio/midi | wis | application/x-InstallShield | |
| midi | audio/midi | wm | video/x-ms-wm | |
| mif | application/x-mif | wma | audio/x-ms-wma | |
| mil | image/x-cals | wmd | application/x-ms-wmd | |
| mio | audio/x-mio | wmf | application/x-msmetafile | |
| mmf | application/x-skt-lbs | wml | text/vnd.wap.wml | |
| mng | video/x-mng | wmlc | application/vnd.wap.wmlc | |
| mny | application/x-msmoney | wmls | text/vnd.wap.wmlscript | |
| moc | application/x-mocha | wmlsc | application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc | |
| mocha | application/x-mocha | wmlscript | text/vnd.wap.wmlscript | |
| mod | audio/x-mod | wmv | audio/x-ms-wmv | |
| mof | application/x-yumekara | wmx | video/x-ms-wmx | |
| mol | chemical/x-mdl-molfile | wmz | application/x-ms-wmz | |
| mop | chemical/x-mopac-input | wpng | image/x-up-wpng | |
| mov | video/quicktime | wpt | x-lml/x-gps | |
| movie | video/x-sgi-movie | wri | application/x-mswrite | |
| mp2 | audio/x-mpeg | wrl | x-world/x-vrml | |
| mp3 | audio/x-mpeg | wrz | x-world/x-vrml | |
| mp4 | video/mp4 | ws | text/vnd.wap.wmlscript | |
| mpc | application/vnd.mpohun.certificate | wsc | application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc | |
| mpe | video/mpeg | wv | video/wavelet | |
| mpeg | video/mpeg | wvx | video/x-ms-wvx | |
| mpg | video/mpeg | wxl | application/x-wxl | |
| mpg4 | video/mp4 | x-gzip | application/x-gzip | |
| mpga | audio/mpeg | xar | application/vnd.xara | |
| mpn | application/vnd.mophun.application | xbm | image/x-xbitmap | |
| mpp | application/vnd.ms-project | xdm | application/x-xdma | |
| mps | application/x-mapserver | xdma | application/x-xdma | |
| mrl | text/x-mrml | xdw | application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks | |
| mrm | application/x-mrm | xht | application/xhtml+xml | |
| ms | application/x-troff-ms | xhtm | application/xhtml+xml | |
| mts | application/metastream | xhtml | application/xhtml+xml | |
| mtx | application/metastream | xla | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| mtz | application/metastream | xlc | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| mzv | application/metastream | xll | application/x-excel | |
| nar | application/zip | xlm | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| nbmp | image/nbmp | xls | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| nc | application/x-netcdf | xlt | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| ndb | x-lml/x-ndb | xlw | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| ndwn | application/ndwn | xm | audio/x-mod | |
| nif | application/x-nif | xml | text/xml | |
| nmz | application/x-scream | xmz | audio/x-mod | |
| nokia-op-logo | image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color | xpi | application/x-xpinstall | |
| npx | application/x-netfpx | xpm | image/x-xpixmap | |
| nsnd | audio/nsnd | xsit | text/xml | |
| nva | application/x-neva1 | xsl | text/xml | |
| oda | application/oda | xul | text/xul | |
| oom | application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin | xwd | image/x-xwindowdump | |
| pac | audio/x-pac | xyz | chemical/x-pdb | |
| pae | audio/x-epac | yz1 | application/x-yz1 | |
| pan | application/x-pan | z | application/x-compress | |
| pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap | zac | application/x-zaurus-zac | |
| pcx | image/x-pcx | zip | application/zip | |
| pda | image/x-pda |
本文介绍了MIME类型的定义及其在电子邮件中的应用,详细列举了多种文件格式对应的MIME类型,包括文本、图像、音频和视频等多媒体文件。
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