Android：荘（蓝牙）

于 2019-07-17 08:16:42 发布
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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lizhuang_666/article/details/96266749
本文介绍了Android蓝牙的基础知识，包括蓝牙的开启、搜索、配对和数据传输。通过蓝牙Adapter、BluetoothDevice等类实现蓝牙设备的管理，使用Socket和ServerSocket进行数据交互。示例代码展示了客户端和服务端的实现细节。

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蓝牙设备
一.蓝牙介绍：
二.蓝牙的作用：
三 .蓝牙工作原理以及涉及到的类：
四.蓝牙客户端代码：
五.蓝牙服务端代码：
一.蓝牙介绍：
是一种无线技术标准，可实现固定设备、移动设备和楼宇个人域网之间的短距离数据交换，我们主要掌握这几项技能：

添加权限：





打开蓝牙并设置允许被搜索
//调用系统开关蓝牙弹窗->用户手动允许
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);//开启蓝
intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);//允许蓝牙被搜索
intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,200);//设置允许被搜索时间200s内可以被搜索到
startActivityForResult(intent,100);

关闭蓝牙
bluetoothAdapter.disable();//强制关闭蓝牙
搜索附近的蓝牙
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//搜索
配对蓝牙：
bluetoothDevice.createBond();//发起配对
获得已经配对的蓝牙设备：

  • adapter.getBondedDevices();
    使用蓝牙传输数据：socket和ServerSocket传输数据
    //1.获得客户端Socket
    BluetoothSocket socket = bluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
    socket.connect();
    //2.获得服务端Socket
    BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket = bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(bluetoothAdapter.getName(),uuid);
    serverSocket.accpet();

二.蓝牙的作用：
在这里插入图片描述
三 .蓝牙工作原理以及涉及到的类：

BluetoothManager 蓝牙管理类，管理BluetoothAdapter。主要负责管理蓝牙的本地连接。
BluetoothAdapter 蓝牙适配器类：代表本蓝牙设备
BluetoothDevice 蓝牙设备，配对后的远程蓝牙设备.
BluetoothServiceSocket 服务端连接类
BluetoothSocket：客户端连接类
UUID（universal unique identifier ， 全局唯一标识符）
格式如下：UUID格式一般是”xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx”，可到http://www.uuidgenerator.com 申请。UUID分为5段，是一个8-4-4-4-12的字符串，这个字符串要求永不重复。蓝牙建立连接时双方必须使用固定的UUID
例如：文件传输服务
OBEXFileTransferServiceClass_UUID = ‘{00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}’
四.蓝牙客户端代码：
如何区分客户端和服务端？如果设备A连接设备B 那么A就是客户端，B就是服务端。
客户端功能：打开蓝牙/关闭蓝牙/搜索附近蓝牙设备/点击其中一个建立连接

（0）添加权限：

1 （1）MainActivity代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener,MainAdapter.OnItemClick{

private Button mStart,mStop,mSearch;
private RecyclerView mRv;
private BluetoothManager manager;
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
private List<BluetoothDevice>list=new ArrayList<>();
private BluetoothReceiver receiver;
private MainAdapter adapter;

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    init();
    initBluetooth();
}

private void init(){
    mStart = findViewById(R.id.startBtn);
    mStop = findViewById(R.id.stopBtn);
    mSearch = findViewById(R.id.searchBtn);
    mRv = findViewById(R.id.rv);
    mStart.setOnClickListener(this);
    mStop.setOnClickListener(this);
    mSearch.setOnClickListener(this);
    LinearLayoutManager manager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
    manager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
    mRv.setLayoutManager(manager);
}

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
private void initBluetooth(){
     manager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
     bluetoothAdapter = manager.getAdapter();
     if (bluetoothAdapter == null){
         Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙设备故障",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
         return;
     }
     receiver = new BluetoothReceiver();
    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
    filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);//
    filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
    filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
    registerReceiver(receiver,filter);
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
    if (R.id.startBtn == view.getId()){
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
        intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
        intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,200);
        startActivityForResult(intent,100);
    }else if (R.id.stopBtn == view.getId()){
        bluetoothAdapter.disable();
    }else if (R.id.searchBtn == view.getId()){
        bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//搜索
    }
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode == 100){
        if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
            Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙启动",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙未启动",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

@Override
public void OnItem(int index) {
     //发起绑定->搜索到的蓝牙设备中的一台
    BluetoothDevice device = list.get(index);
    device.createBond();
  
}

private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        //绑定状态改变;搜索完成;搜索到一台设备

        if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){
            //搜索到一台设备广播
            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
            list.add(device);
        }else if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)){
            //搜索完成
            //绑定适配器
            adapter = new MainAdapter(list);
            adapter.setClick(MainActivity.this);
            mRv.setAdapter(adapter);
        }else if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)){
            //绑定状态改变
            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
            int state = device.getBondState();
            if (state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED){
                //发起蓝牙连接线程
                new BluetoothThread(device).start();
            }
        }
    }
}

}
（2）客户端线程代码

public class BluetoothThread extends Thread {

private UUID uuid = UUID.fromString("00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
private String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/xxyy.txt";
private BluetoothDevice device;

public BluetoothThread(BluetoothDevice device){
    this.device = device;
}

@Override
public void run() {
    super.run();
    try {
        BluetoothSocket socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
        socket.connect();//建立连接
        Log.e("ZXY","客户端建立连接");
        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
        OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
        byte[]buff = new byte[1024];
        int leng = 0;
        while ((leng=inputStream.read(buff))!=-1){
            out.write(buff,0,leng);
        }
        out.flush();
        out.close();
        inputStream.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

}
五.蓝牙服务端代码：
服务端是被连接者，只有打开蓝牙和关闭蓝牙的功能
（0）添加权限：

1 （1）MainActivity代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

private Button mStart,mStop;
private BluetoothManager manager;//蓝牙管理器
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;//蓝牙适配器->开关搜索等本机蓝牙操作
private BluetoothReceiver receiver;//蓝牙绑定广播接收器

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    init();
    initBluetooth();
}

private void init(){
      mStart = findViewById(R.id.startBtn);
      mStop = findViewById(R.id.stopBtn);
      mStart.setOnClickListener(this);
      mStop.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
private void initBluetooth(){
     manager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
     bluetoothAdapter = manager.getAdapter();//获取本机蓝牙适配器
     if (bluetoothAdapter==null){
         //本机无蓝牙硬件模块
         Toast.makeText(this,"本机蓝牙设备故障",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
         return;
     }
     //蓝牙设备可用
    receiver = new BluetoothReceiver();
    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
    filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
    registerReceiver(receiver,filter);
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
    if (bluetoothAdapter==null)
        return;
    if (R.id.startBtn == view.getId()){

// bluetoothAdapter.enable();强制开启->基本无效->手机系统是否允许
//用户手动允许开启蓝牙
//调用系统开关蓝牙弹窗->用户手动允许
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);//开启蓝牙
intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);//允许蓝牙被搜索
intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,200);//设置允许被搜索时间200s内可以被搜索到
startActivityForResult(intent,100);
}else if (R.id.stopBtn == view.getId()){
bluetoothAdapter.disable();//强制关闭蓝牙
}
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode==100){
        String msg;
        //蓝牙是否开启
        if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
            msg = "开启成功";
        }else
            msg = "开启失败";
        Toast.makeText(this,msg,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

//注册蓝牙配对广播->通过广播侦听配对状态
private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        //接收蓝牙配对广播
        if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)){
            //配对过来的蓝牙设备
            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
            int state = device.getBondState();//获取绑定状态
            new BluetoothThread(bluetoothAdapter).start();
            if (state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE){
                //未绑定
                Log.e("ZXY","未绑定");
            }else if (state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING){
                //绑定中
                Log.e("ZXY","绑定中");
            }else if (state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED){
                //绑定完成
                Log.i("lq","绑定完成");
            }
        }
    }
}

}
（2）服务端线程代码：

/**

  • 蓝牙serversocket线程

  • */
    public class BluetoothThread extends Thread{

    BluetoothAdapter adapter;//本机蓝牙适配器
    UUID uuid = UUID.fromString(“00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB”);//系统随机产生string字符串35年内不重复->连接蓝牙时秘钥
    String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/xxyy.txt";
    //传递过来的txt文件本地保存路径

    public BluetoothThread(BluetoothAdapter adapter){
    this.adapter = adapter;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
    super.run();
    try {
    BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket = adapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(adapter.getName(),uuid);
    //侦听连接过来的socket
    BluetoothSocket socket = serverSocket.accept();
    Log.e(“ZXY”,“蓝牙连接成功”);
    InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
    //向本地sd卡保存文件的输出流
    FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path);
    byte[]buff = new byte[1024];
    int leng = 0;
    while ((leng=in.read(buff))!=-1){
    out.write(buff,0,leng);
    Log.e(“ZXY”,“服务器边读边保存”);
    }
    out.flush();
    out.close();
    in.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    }

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