JS关键字详解

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-08 23:14:40 发布

lizhiliang123

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-08 23:14:40 发布

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请看下面的代码，最后alert出来的是什么呢？

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> name = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>;  
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> nameObj ={  
    name : <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>,  
    showName : <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>  
        alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);  
    },  
    waitShowName : <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>  
        setTimeout(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.showName, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>);  
    }  
};  

nameObj.waitShowName();</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

要解决这个问题我们需要了解Javascript的this关键字的用法。

this指向哪里？

一般而言，在Javascript中，this指向函数执行时的当前对象。

In JavaScript, as in most object-oriented programming languages, this is a special keyword that is used within methods to refer to the object on which a method is being invoked.

——jQuery Fundamentals (Chapter 2), by Rebecca Murphey

值得注意，该关键字在Javascript中和执行环境，而非声明环境有关。

The this keyword is relative to the execution context, not the declaration context.

我们举个例子来说明这个问题：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> someone = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>,
    showName: <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);
    }
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> other = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>,
    showName: someone.showName
}

other.showName();　　<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Tom</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

this关键字虽然是在someone.showName中声明的，但运行的时候是other.showName，所以this指向other.showName函数的当前对象，即other，故最后alert出来的是other.name。

没有明确的当前对象时

当没有明确的执行时的当前对象时，this指向全局对象window。

By default, this refers to the global object.

为什么说是全局对象（the global object），因为非浏览器情况下（例如：nodejs）中全局变量并非window对象，而就是叫“全局变量”（the global object）。不过由于我们这片文章主要讨论的是前端开发知识，所以nodejs就被我们忽略了。

例如对于全局变量引用的函数上我们有：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> name = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> Bob = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>,
    show: <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> show = Bob.show;
show();　　<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Tom</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>

你可能也能理解成show是window对象下的方法，所以执行时的当前对象时window。但局部变量引用的函数上，却无法这么解释：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> name = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"window"</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> Bob = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>,
    showName: <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);
    }
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> Tom = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>,
    showName: <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> fun = Bob.showName;
        fun();
    }
};

Tom.showName();　　<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//window</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul>

setTimeout、setInterval和匿名函数

文章开头的问题的答案是Bob。

在浏览器中setTimeout、setInterval和匿名函数执行时的当前对象是全局对象window，这条我们可以看成是上一条的一个特殊情况。

所以在运行this.showName的时候，this指向了window，所以最后显示了window.name。

浏览器中全局变量可以当成是window对象下的变量，例如全局变量a，可以用window.a来引用。

我们将代码改成匿名函数可能更好理解一些：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> name = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>;  
 <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> nameObj ={  
     name : <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>,  
     showName : <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>  
         alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);  
     },  
     waitShowName : <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>  
         !<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(__callback)</span>{</span>
            __callback();
        }(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.showName);  
     }  
 };  

 nameObj.waitShowName();　　<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Bob</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

**在调用nameObj.waitShowName时候，我们运行了一个匿名函数，将nameObj.showName作为回调函数传进这个匿名函数，然后匿名函数运行时，运行这个回调函数。由于匿名函数的当前对象是window，所以当在该匿名函数中运行回调函数时，回调函数的this指向了window，所以alert出来window.name。

由此看来setTimeout可以看做是一个延迟执行的：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(__callback)</span>{</span>
    __callback();
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

setInterval也如此类比。

但如果我们的确想得到的回答是Tom呢？通过一些技巧，我们能够得到想要的答案：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> name = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>;  
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> nameObj ={  
    name : <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>,  
    showName : <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>  
        alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);  
    },  
    waitShowName : <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> that = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>;
        setTimeout(<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
            that.showName();
        }, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>);
    }
}; 

 nameObj.waitShowName();　　<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Tom</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>

在执行nameObj.waitShowName函数时，我们先对其this赋给变量that（这是为了避免setTimeout中的匿名函数运行时，匿名函数中的this指向window），然后延迟运行匿名函数，执行that.showName，即nameObj.showName，所以alert出正确结果Tom。

eval

对于eval函数，其执行时候似乎没有指定当前对象，但实际上其this并非指向window，因为该函数执行时的作用域是当前作用域，即等同于在该行将里面的代码填进去。下面的例子说明了这个问题：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> name = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"window"</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> Bob = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>,
    showName: <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">eval</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"alert(this.name)"</span>);
    }
};

Bob.showName();    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Bob</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>

apply和call

apply和call能够强制改变函数执行时的当前对象，让this指向其他对象。因为apply和call较为类似，所以我们以apply为例：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> name = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"window"</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> someone = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>,
    showName: <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);
    }
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> other = {
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>
};    

someone.showName.apply();    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//window</span>
someone.showName.apply(other);    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Tom</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>

apply用于改变函数执行时的当前对象，当无参数时，当前对象为window，有参数时当前对象为该参数。于是这个例子Bob成功偷走了Tom的名字。

new关键字

new关键字后的构造函数中的this指向用该构造函数构造出来的新对象：

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Person</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(__name)</span>{</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name = __name;        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//这个this指向用该构造函数构造的新对象，这个例子是Bob对象</span>
}
Person.prototype.show = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
    alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name);
}

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> Bob = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Person(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Bob"</span>);
Bob.show();        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Bob</span></code>