.Net下采用GET/POST/SOAP方式动态调用WebService

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-10 23:13:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-10 23:13:38 发布

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分类专栏： Asp.net 文章标签： webservice .net string soap url byte

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本文介绍了一个名为WebSvcCaller的类，用于通过HTTP请求（GET或POST）调用Web服务。提供了通用的Soap调用方法以及针对GET和POST请求的特定方法。详细解释了如何使用该类进行调用，并提供了示例代码。

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  using 
   System;
 
  using 
   System.Web;
 
  using 
   System.Xml;
 
  using 
   System.Collections;
 
  using 
   System.Net;
 
  using 
   System.Text;
 
  using 
   System.IO;
 
  /**/
  /// <summary>
 
  /// 利用WebRequest/WebResponse进行WebService调用的类,By 同济黄正
 
  /// </summary>
 
  public 
  class 
  WebSvcCaller
 
  {
 
  //<webServices>
 
  //  <protocols>
 
  //    <add name="HttpGet"/>
 
  //    <add name="HttpPost"/>
 
  //  </protocols>
 
  //</webServices>
 
  private 
  static 
  Hashtable _xmlNamespaces = 
  new 
  Hashtable();
  //缓存xmlNamespace，避免重复调用GetNamespace
 
  /**/
  /// <summary>
 
  /// 需要WebService支持Post调用
 
  /// </summary>
 
  public 
  static 
  XmlDocument QueryPostWebService(String URL , String MethodName , Hashtable Pars)
 
  {
 
  HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + 
  "/" 
  + MethodName);
 
  request.Method = 
  "POST"
  ;
 
  request.ContentType = 
  "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
  ;
 
  SetWebRequest(request);
 
  byte
  [] data = EncodePars(Pars);
 
  WriteRequestData(request , data);
 
  return 
  ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());
 
  }
 
  /**/
  /// <summary>
 
  /// 需要WebService支持Get调用
 
  /// </summary>
 
  public 
  static 
  XmlDocument QueryGetWebService(String URL , String MethodName , Hashtable Pars)
 
  {
 
  HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + 
  "/" 
  + MethodName + 
  "?" 
  + ParsToString(Pars));
 
  request.Method = 
  "GET"
  ;
 
  request.ContentType = 
  "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
  ;
 
  SetWebRequest(request);
 
  return 
  ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());
 
  }
 
  /**/
  /// <summary>
 
  /// 通用WebService调用(Soap),参数Pars为String类型的参数名、参数值
 
  /// </summary>
 
  public 
  static 
  XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String URL , String MethodName , Hashtable Pars)
 
  {
 
  //By 同济黄正 http://hz932.ys168.com 2008-3-19
 
  if 
  (_xmlNamespaces.ContainsKey(URL))
 
  {
 
  return 
  QuerySoapWebService(URL , MethodName , Pars , _xmlNamespaces[URL].ToString());
 
  }
 
  else
 
  {
 
  return 
  QuerySoapWebService(URL , MethodName , Pars ,GetNamespace(URL));
 
  }
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String URL , String MethodName , Hashtable Pars , 
  string 
  XmlNs)
 
  {
 
  _xmlNamespaces[URL] = XmlNs;
  //加入缓存，提高效率
 
  HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
 
  request.Method = 
  "POST"
  ;
 
  request.ContentType = 
  "text/xml; charset=utf-8"
  ;
 
  request.Headers.Add(
  "SOAPAction" 
  , 
  ""
  " + XmlNs + (XmlNs.EndsWith("
  /
  ") ? "
  " : "
  /
  ") + MethodName + "
  ""
  );
 
  SetWebRequest(request);
 
  byte
  [] data = EncodeParsToSoap(Pars , XmlNs , MethodName);
 
  WriteRequestData(request , data);
 
  XmlDocument doc = 
  new 
  XmlDocument() , doc2 = 
  new 
  XmlDocument();
 
  doc = ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());
 
  XmlNamespaceManager mgr = 
  new 
  XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
 
  mgr.AddNamespace(
  "soap" 
  , 
  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
  );
 
  String RetXml = doc.SelectSingleNode(
  "//soap:Body/*" 
  , mgr).InnerXml;
 
  doc2.LoadXml(
  "<root>" 
  + RetXml + 
  "</root>"
  );
 
  AddDelaration(doc2);
 
  return 
  doc2;
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  string 
  GetNamespace(String URL)
 
  {
 
  HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(URL + 
  "?WSDL"
  );
 
  SetWebRequest(request);
 
  WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
 
  StreamReader sr = 
  new 
  StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream() , Encoding.UTF8);
 
  XmlDocument doc = 
  new 
  XmlDocument();
 
  doc.LoadXml(sr.ReadToEnd());
 
  return 
  doc.SelectSingleNode(
  "//@targetNamespace"
  ).Value;
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  byte
  [] EncodeParsToSoap(Hashtable Pars , String XmlNs , String MethodName)
 
  {
 
  XmlDocument doc = 
  new 
  XmlDocument();
 
  doc.LoadXml(
  "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="
  http:
  //www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"></soap:Envelope>");
 
  AddDelaration(doc);
 
  XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement(
  "soap" 
  , 
  "Body" 
   , 
  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
  );
 
  XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(MethodName);
 
  soapMethod.SetAttribute(
  "xmlns" 
  , XmlNs);
 
  foreach 
  (
  string 
   k 
  in 
  Pars.Keys)
 
  {
 
  XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(k);
 
  soapPar.InnerText = Pars[k].ToString();
 
  soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
 
  }
 
  soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
 
  doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
 
  return 
  Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  void 
  SetWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request)
 
  {
 
  request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
 
  request.Timeout = 10000;
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  void 
  WriteRequestData(HttpWebRequest request , 
  byte
  [] data)
 
  {
 
  request.ContentLength = data.Length;
 
  Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
 
  writer.Write(data , 0 , data.Length);
 
  writer.Close();
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  byte
  [] EncodePars(Hashtable Pars)
 
  {
 
  return 
  Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(ParsToString(Pars));
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  String ParsToString(Hashtable Pars)
 
  {
 
  StringBuilder sb = 
  new 
  StringBuilder();
 
  foreach 
  (
  string 
   k 
  in 
  Pars.Keys)
 
  {
 
  if 
  (sb.Length > 0)
 
  {
 
  sb.Append(
  "&"
  );
 
  }
 
  sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(k) + 
  "=" 
  + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(Pars[k].ToString()));
 
  }
 
  return 
  sb.ToString();
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  XmlDocument ReadXmlResponse(WebResponse response)
 
  {
 
  StreamReader sr = 
  new 
  StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream() , Encoding.UTF8);
 
  String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
 
  sr.Close();
 
  XmlDocument doc = 
  new 
  XmlDocument();
 
  doc.LoadXml(retXml);
 
  return 
  doc;
 
  }
 
  private 
  static 
  void 
  AddDelaration(XmlDocument doc)
 
  {
 
  XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration(
  "1.0" 
  , 
  "utf-8" 
   , 
  null
  );
 
  doc.InsertBefore(decl , doc.DocumentElement);
 
  }
 
  }

这个类有三个公用的方法：QuerySoapWebService为通用的采用Soap方式调用WebService，QueryGetWebService采用GET方式调用，QueryPostWebService采用POST方式调用，后两个方法需要WebService服务器支持相应的调用方式。三个方法的参数和返回值相同：URL为Webservice的Url地址(以.asmx结尾的)；MethodName为要调用的方法名称；Pars为参数表，它的Key为参数名称，Value为要传递的参数的值。注意方法名称、参数名称、参数个数必须完全匹配才能正确调用。第一次以Soap方式调用时，因为需要查询WSDL获取xmlns，因此需要时间相对长些，第二次调用不用再读WSDL，直接从缓存读取。这三个方法的返回值均为XmlDocument对象，这个返回的对象可以进行各种灵活的操作。最常用的一个SelectSingleNode方法，可以让你一步定位到Xml的任何节点，再读取它的文本或属性。也可以直接调用Save保存到磁盘。采用Soap方式调用时，根结点名称固定为root。这个类主要是利用了WebRequest/WebResponse来完成各种网络查询操作。为了精简明了，这个类中没有添加错误处理，需要在调用的地方设置异常捕获。下面是一个调用实例：

  protected 
  void 
  Page_Load(
  object 
  sender , EventArgs e)
 
  {
 
  try
 
  {
 
  Hashtable pars = 
  new 
  Hashtable();
 
  String Url = 
  "http://www.260dns.cn/Services/Weather.asmx"
  ;
 
  pars[
  "city"
  ] = 
  "上海"
  ;
 
  pars[
  "wdate"
  ]=
  "2008-3-19"
  ;
 
  XmlDocument doc = WebSvcCaller.QuerySoapWebService(Url , 
  "GetWeather" 
   , pars);
 
  Response.Write(doc.OuterXml);
 
  }
 
  catch 
  (Exception ex)
 
  {
 
  Response.Write(ex.Message);
 
  }
 
  }