python shell 根据ip 获取 hostname || 根据hostname 获取 ip

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-17 22:43:08 发布

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本文介绍如何利用Python的socket模块和SSH连接从IP地址获取主机名，反之亦然。通过执行远程命令并读取输出，实现IP到主机名的转换。

python shell 根据ip 获取 hostname || 根据hostname 获取 ip

利用 socket 模块里的 gethostbyname 函数

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">socket</span>
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">socket</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">gethostbyname</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"www.baidu.com"</span>)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'61.135.169.125'</span>
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">socket</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">gethostbyname</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"rs.xidian.edu.cn"</span>)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'202.117.119.1'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

方法2 利用 shell 中 hostname 命令

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">def getHostName(ip):
    <span class="hljs-command" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">command</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'java -jar %s %s "hostname > %s.hostname"'</span> %(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">remoteCmdLoca</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ip</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ip</span>)</span>
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">result</span> = subprocess.call(<span class="hljs-command" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">command</span>, <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">shell</span>=<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)</span>
    <span class="hljs-command" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">command</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'%s -q -r -pw Sybase123 %s root@%s:/root'</span> % (<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">pscpLoca</span>, <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">pscpLoca</span>, <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ip</span>)</span>
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">result</span> = subprocess.call(<span class="hljs-command" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">command</span>, <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">shell</span>=<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)</span>
    <span class="hljs-command" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">command</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'%s -q -r -pw Sybase123 root@%s:/root/%s.hostname %s'</span> %(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">pscpLoca</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ip</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ip</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">sumAutoLoca</span>)</span>
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">result</span> = subprocess.call(<span class="hljs-command" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">command</span>, <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">shell</span>=<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)</span>
    fileName = sumAutoLoca + ip + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'.hostname'</span>
    readFile = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">open</span>(fileName,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'r'</span>)
    hostnameInfo =  str(readFile.readline().strip(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'\n'</span>))
    readFile.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">close</span>()
    subprocess.call(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'rm '</span>+ fileName, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">shell</span>=True)
    print <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"=========%s hostname is %s========"</span> %(ip,hostnameInfo)
    <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> hostnameInfo</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

设计思路 ##

有时候socket不太稳定, 具体原因带查明

目的: 根据 ip 获取 hostname (适当改进也可逆转)

先设计了一个远程执行 ssh 命令jar, 或者可以用plink, 链接enter link description here

利用subprocess.call命令在远程ip机器上执行hostname > %s.hostname命令, 将hostname 信息输出到文件

用pscp将本地的pscp文件复制到远程ip机器上 /root 目录下(后来发现这步不需要)

然后利用本地的 pscp 将远程机器上带有hostname的文本文件/root/%s.hostname 复制到本地

利用 python 的文本读取功能读取信息, 从中取出hostname字符串

再利用 rm 命令把远程机器和本地的文本文件都删除