Oracle 1Z031第二章学习笔记

第二章

Getting Started With the Oracle Server

Oracle server 起步本章的学习目标是

• Identify common database administration tools available to a DBA
• Identify the features of the Oracle Universal Installer
• Understand the benefits of Optimal Flexible Architecture
• Set up password file authentication
• List the main components of Oracle Enterprise Manager and their uses

了解常用的DBA管理工具

了解Oracle Universal Installer的特性

理解优化弹性架构的好处(OFA)

配置password file验证

列出OEM的主要组件和他们的用户

本章的内容应该是比较简单的,而且也是常用的工具就不一一详细解释了.

 

 

1 Database Administration Tools

      

   Oracle Universal  Installer (OUI)

   Oracle Database Configuration Assistant

   Password File Utility

   SQL*Plus

   Oracle Enterprise Manager

 

2 Oracle Universal Installer

  • Used to install, upgrade, or remove software components, and create a database
• Based on a Java engine
• Features include:
– Automatic dependency resolution
– Allows for Web-based installations
– Tracking inventory of component and suite installations
– Deinstallation of installed components
– Support for multiple Oracle homes
– Support for globalization technology

只有强调一点在unix环境下启动OUI

 $./runInstaller

 

无人值守安装

 $./runInstaller -responsefile myrespfile -silent

 

./runInstaller –responsefile FILENAME [-SILENT] [-NOWELCOME]
Where:
FILENAME : Identifies the response file
SILENT: Runs OUI in silent mode
NOWELCOME: Does not display the Welcome window. If you use
SILENT, this parameter is not necessary.

 

Sample Response File for Unix
[General]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION=1.0.0.0.0
[Session]
UNIX_GROUP_NAME="dba"
FROM_LOCATION="/u01/stage/products.jar"
ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/ora9i"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Ora9i"
TOPLEVEL_COMPONENT={"oracle.server", "9.0.1.0.0"}
SHOW_COMPONENT_LOCATIONS_PAGE=false
SHOW_SUMMARY_PAGE=false
SHOW_INSTALL_PROGRESS_PAGE=false
SHOW_REQUIRED_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false
SHOW_OPTIONAL_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false
SHOW_END_SESSION_PAGE=false
NEXT_SESSION=true
SHOW_SPLASH_SCREEN=true
SHOW_WELCOME_PAGE=false
SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=true
SHOW_EXIT_CONFIRMATION=true
INSTALL_TYPE="Typical”
s_GlobalDBName="u01.us.oracle.com"
s_mountPoint="/u01/app/oracle/ora9i/dbs"

s_dbSid="db09"
b_createDB=true

 

• The General section specifies the version number of the response file
• The Sessions section lists various dialogs of the Universal Installer. Some of the dialogs
include:
– FROM LOCATION specifies the location of the source of the products to be installed
– ORACLE_HOME, value for ORACLE_HOME
– ORACLE_HOME_NAME, value for ORACLE_HOME_NAME
– SHOW INSTALL PROGRESS is the install progress page that appears during the
install phase
– SHOW ROOTISH CONFIRMATION is set to true if the confirmation dialog to run
the root.sh script needs to be shown
– SHOW EXIT CONFIRMATION is set to true if the confirmation when exiting the
installer needs to be shown

具体到不同的操作系统,无人值守安装配置文件具体的写法见相关手册.

 

3 Oracle Database Configuration Assistant

 

  The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant allows you to:
• Create a database
• Configure database options
• Delete a database
• Manage templates

 DBCA的简单介绍

 

4  Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)

 

 • Oracle's recommended standard database architecture layout
 • OFA involves three major rules
– Establish a directory structure where any database file can be stored on any disk resource
– Separate objects with different behavior into different tablespaces
– Maximize database reliability and performance by separating database components across different disk resources

 

          Software

oracle_base
     /product

        /release_number

           /bin
           /dbs
           /rdbms
           /sqlplus
   /admin
     /inst_name
      /pfile

 

         Files

oradata/
    db01/
      system01.dbf
      control01.ctl
      redo0101.log
      ...
   db02/
      system01.dbf
      control01.ctl
      redo0101.log

      ...
上面是2个OFA的例子,OFA的好处

• Database files can be easily differentiated from other files
• It is easy to identify control files, redo log files, and data files
• Easier administration of multiple Oracle Homes on the same machine by separating
files on different disks and directories
• Better performance is achieved by decreasing disk contention among data files, binary
files, and administrative files which can now reside on separate directories and disks

 

5 Database Administrator Users
When a database is created the users SYS and
SYSTEM are created automatically and granted the
DBA role.

SYS
• Password: change_on_install
• Owner of the database data dictionary

SYSTEM
• Password: manager
• Owner of additional internal tables and views used by Oracle tools

 

SYS,SYSTEM的不同之处在sys是数据库data dictionary的所有者,system是Oracle工具使用的内部表和视图的所有者.

 

6  Authentication Methods for Database Administrators

 

Remote database           Local database

administration            administration

     |                          |                                |

     |                          |

     |                          |
     v                          v

have a secure----YES-->   use OS authen? ->use OS authen  
connection? 
     |                          |

     |_______NO_________________|___NO_____>use password file

 

 

7  Using Password File Authentication

 

• Create the password file using the password utility:

   $orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwU15
    password=admin entries=5

• Set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE to EXCLUSIVE in the initialization parameter file

• Add users to the password file and assign appropriate privileges to each user

  GRANT SYSDBA TO HR;

 

Using a Password File
1. Create the password file using the password utility orapwd.
orapwd file=filename password=password entries=max_users
where:
filename is the name of the password file
password is the password for SYSOPER and SYSDBA
entries is the maximum number of distinct users allowed to connect as
SYSDBA or SYSOPER.
If you exceed this number, you must create a new password
file. It is safer to have a larger number.
2. Set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE parameter to EXCLUSIVE or SHARED
where:
EXCLUSIVE indicates that only one instance can use the password file and that
the password file contains names other than SYS. Using an
EXCLUSIVE password file you can grant SYSDBA or
SYSOPER privileges to individual users.
SHARED indicates that more than one instance can use the password file.
The only user recognized by the password file is SYS. You
cannot add users to the SHARED password file.
3. Connect to the database as follows:
CONNECT sys/admin AS SYSDBA

 

8  SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus is an Oracle tool that provides the
capability to interact with and manipulate the
database.
• Provides the ability to start up and shutdown the
database, create and run queries, add rows,
modify data, and write customized reports
• Subset of the standard SQL language with specific
add ons

 

SQL*PLUS就不仔细说了。

 

9  Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Serves as a centralized systems management
console for DBAs
• Provides a set of common services that help
manage the Oracle environment
• Includes integrated applications
• Manages the environment such as databases, web
servers and listeners
• A tool to administer, diagnose and tune multiple
databases
• Provides tools for administering parallel servers
and replicated databases

 

OEM也不仔细说了。不过可以看一下它的架构。下面是介绍OEM架构。

Oracle Enterprise Manager Architecture
Oracle Enterprise Manager is based on a highly scalable three tier model architecture.
Console
The first tier is comprised of clients such as consoles and management applications, which present graphical user interfaces to administrators for all management tasks. The first tier depends on the second tier Oracle Management Server for the bulk of their application logic.
Oracle Management Server
The second tier component of Oracle Enterprise Manager is the Oracle Management Server
(OMS). The OMS is the core of the Enterprise Manager framework and provides
administrative user accounts, processes functions such as jobs, events and manages the flow
of information between the Console (first tier) and the managed nodes (third tier).
The OMS uses a repository to store all system data, application data, information about the
state of the managed nodes and information about any system managed packs.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Repository
The Repository is a set of tables, and is created when you set up the OMS. The OMS uses the
Oracle Enterprise Manager repository as its persistent back-end store. If necessary, more than
one OMS can be used. Multiple OMSs share a repository and provide reliability and fault
tolerance.

Nodes
The third tier is comprised of managed nodes which contains targets such as databases and
other managed services. Residing on each node is an Oracle Intelligent Agent, which
communicates with the OMSs and performs tasks sent by consoles and client applications.
Only one Intelligent Agent is required per node.
Intelligent Agent functions independently of the database as well as the Console and
Management Server. By running independently of other components, Intelligent Agents can
perform such tasks as starting up and shutting down a database and staying operational if
another part of the system is down.

最后是 OEM console UNIX Linux下启动它的命令是：

% oemapp console

OEM的图形控制台。

 

9 其他的一些管理工具

• Instance Manager
• Security Manager
• Storage Manager
• Schema Manager
• SQL*Plus Worksheet