Redis重要概念Master-Slave、Sentinel、Partition、Cluster

本文探讨了Redis在企业级应用中的高可用性和性能优化方案,包括主从复制解决读性能问题,哨兵机制保障高可用,以及通过数据分片和集群机制解决写性能和存储限制。

前言:一个企业级系统最重要的指标就是“高可用性”和“高性能”

如果数据量不大,直接用一个Redis实例即可,读写均走Master

如果数据量很大,为了减轻单个Redis实例压力,采取写到Master、读走Slave,前提是Slave会同步Master全量数据。Master-Slave(主从复制)解决了“读”性能问题,并没有解决“写”性能问题,也没用解决“高可用性”问题

为了保证高可用,引入了Sentinel(哨兵)监视Master-Slave,当Master挂掉之后,自动将Slave选举为新的Master,保证服务可用。哨兵是Redis官方提供高可用方案,解决了“读”性能问题和“高可用性”问题

为了解决“写”性能和单个Redis实例存储限制,引入了数据分片(Partition)和集群机制(Cluster),在Redis集群中,可以有多个Master(一般3个Master3个Slave),key经过算法计算之后分散到不同Master中存储,Redis Cluster解决了“读”性能、“写”性能和“高可用性”问题

^C[root@k8smaster 2]# kubectl -n redis-server get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES redis-master-966f8c49b-cfk65 0/1 Running 2 5m1s 10.244.0.13 k8smaster <none> <none> redis-slave1-547f7f4df5-7llz8 0/1 Running 2 5m1s 10.244.1.44 k8snode1 <none> <none> redis-slave2-88d55ddb9-n2mlj 0/1 Running 0 5m1s 10.244.2.26 k8snode2 <none> <none> [root@k8smaster 2]# kubectl -n redis-server get pv,pvc NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE persistentvolume/mysql-master-pv 10Gi RWO Retain Bound mysql-server/mysql-master-pvc 3h7m persistentvolume/mysql-slave1-pv 10Gi RWO Retain Bound mysql-server/mysql-slave1-pvc 3h7m persistentvolume/mysql-slave2-pv 10Gi RWO Retain Bound mysql-server/mysql-slave2-pvc 3h7m persistentvolume/redis-master-pv 1Gi RWO Retain Bound redis-server/redis-master-pvc 5m13s persistentvolume/redis-slave1-pv 1Gi RWO Retain Bound redis-server/redis-slave1-pvc 5m13s persistentvolume/redis-slave2-pv 1Gi RWO Retain Bound redis-server/redis-slave2-pvc 5m13s NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE persistentvolumeclaim/redis-master-pvc Bound redis-master-pv 1Gi RWO 5m13s persistentvolumeclaim/redis-slave1-pvc Bound redis-slave1-pv 1Gi RWO 5m13s persistentvolumeclaim/redis-slave2-pvc Bound redis-slave2-pv 1Gi RWO 5m13s [root@k8smaster 2]# kubectl -n redis-server exec -it redis-master-7d5f8d5f76-2xq4z -- redis-cli -a redispass Error from server (NotFound): pods "redis-master-7d5f8d5f76-2xq4z" not found [root@k8smaster 2]# kubectl -n redis-server exec -it redis-master-966f8c49b-cfk65 -- redis-cli -a redispass Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. AUTH failed: ERR AUTH <password> called without any password configured for the default user. Are you sure your configuration is correct? 127.0.0.1:6379> SET testkey "hello redis" OK 127.0.0.1:6379> exit [root@k8smaster 2]# kubectl -n redis-server exec -it redis-slave1-547f7f4df5-7llz8 -- redis-cli -a redispass GET testkey Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused command terminated with exit code 1
最新发布
10-15
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