JAVA对称加密算法汇总及实现

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-10 14:29:55 发布

liulang203

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-10 14:29:55 发布

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文章标签：算法 Java IDEA Security

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/liulang203/article/details/83915044

本文详细介绍了几种常见的对称加密算法，包括DES、三重DES、AES、IDEA以及口令加密PBE。针对每种算法，文章提供了具体的实现步骤，如密钥生成、加密和解密过程，并附带了Java代码示例。

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一、DES算法
设置算法及参数


//算法名称
public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "DES";
//算法名称/加密模式/填充方式
public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding";

生成密钥

		KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		keyGenerator.init(56);
		SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
		return secretKey.getEncoded();

还原密钥

	private static Key toKey(byte[] key) {
		DESKeySpec des = new DESKeySpec(key);
		SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(des);
		return secretKey;
	}

加密

	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data ,byte[] key) {
		Key k = toKey(key);
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, k);
		return cipher.doFinal();
	}

解密

		Key k = toKey(key);
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k);
		return cipher.doFinal();

[color=red]注：加密和解密的区别在于init初始化时模式[/color]
二、三重DES---DESede
其过程同上只需把变声明算法改变一下,Java6支持的密钥长度为112或168


//算法名称
public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "DESede";
//算法名称/加密模式/填充方式
public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding";

还原密钥

DESedeKeySpec des = new DESedeKeySpec(key);
		SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(des);

三、AES算法
同DES基本一致。

	public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "AES";
	public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding";
	private static Key toKey(byte[] key){
		SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, KEY_ALGORITHM);
		return secretKey;
	}

四、IDEA 同AES算法一致。

	public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "IDEA";
	public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "IDEA/ECB/PKCS5Padding";
	private static Key toKey(byte[] key){
		SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, KEY_ALGORITHM);
		return secretKey;
	}

五、基本口令加密---PBE

import java.security.Key;
import java.security.SecureRandom;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;

public class PBECode {
	public static final String ALGORITHM = "PBEWITHMD5andDES";
	//迭代次数
	public static final int ITERATION_COUNT = 100;
	/**
	 * 盐初始化<br>
	 * 盐长度必须为8字节
	 * @return byte[] 盐
	 */
	public static byte[] initSalt(){
		//实例化安全随机数
		SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
		//生产盐
		return random.generateSeed(8);
	}
	/**
	 * 转换密钥
	 * @param password 密码
	 * @return key 密钥
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static Key toKey(String password)throws Exception{
		//密钥材料转换
		PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray());
		//实例化
		SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
		SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
		return secretKey;
	}
	/**
	 * 加密
	 * @param data 数据
	 * @param password 密码
	 * @param salt 盐
	 * @return byte[] 加密数据
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data,String password,byte[] salt) throws Exception{
		Key key = toKey(password);
		//实例化PBE参数材料
		PBEParameterSpec parameterSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, ITERATION_COUNT);
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key,parameterSpec);
		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}
	public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String password,byte[] salt) throws Exception{
		Key key = toKey(password);
		//实例化PBE参数材料
		PBEParameterSpec parameterSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, ITERATION_COUNT);
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key,parameterSpec);
		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}
}