Text processing tool

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 08:49:10 发布

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#wc #cut #sort #uniq

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本文详细介绍了Linux系统中wc、cut、sort和uniq四个命令。wc用于统计文件的行数、单词数和字节数；cut可从文件每行中移除指定部分；sort能对文本文件的行进行排序；uniq用于报告或省略重复行。还给出了各命令的常用选项和示例，并布置了相关练习。

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1. wc : print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
   [root@bogon ~]# wc /etc/passwd
       44   88 2301 /etc/passwd
   -l: lines
   -w: words
   -c: characters
2. cut : remove sections from each line of files
   2.1 Commondly used options
       -d DELIMITER: specify the delimiter
       -f FILEDS:
           #: filed #
           #,#[,#]：Discrete(离散的) multiple filed，such as 1,3,6
           #-#：Consecutive(连续的) fields, such as 1-6
a mixture use of -f ：1-3,7
       --output-delimiter=STRING : specify the delimiter when print contents.
   2.2 example
       [root@bogon ~]# cut -d' ' -f 1 /etc/fstab
The space key as the delimiter，print filed 1
       [root@bogon ~]# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
       [root@bogon ~]# cut -d: -f1-7 /etc/passwd
       [root@bogon ~]# cut -d: -f1-4 --output-delimiter='--' /etc/passwd   //specify output delimiter
3. sort : sort lines of text files
   3.1 Commondly used options
       -f: ignore case
       -r: sort in reverse
       -t DELIMITER: delimiter
       -k #：Sort by specified filed, and sort by ASCII by default
       -n: sort by numerical value
       -u: uniq，omit repeated lines after sorting
   3.2 example
       [root@bogon ~]# sort /etc/passwd
       [root@bogon ~]# sort -t: -k3 /etc/passwd
4. uniq : report or omit repeated lines
   4.1 repeat ： continues and equal is repeat
   4.2 uniq can only omit repeated lines and cannot sort. sort -u omit repeated lines and sort at the same time.
   4.3 Commondly used options
       -c: print the number of repeated lines
       -d: Only print repeated lines
       -u: Only print lines that do not repeated.

5. exerciese ：Seperated by colon,and take lines 6 to 10 of the /etc/passwd file and sort the information by numerical value of the third field , then only show the first field.