【Python】枚举类的用法_python 调用枚举类方法-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/liuhui23/article/details/136946231

文章介绍了如何在Python中使用`Enum`类创建月份和星期的枚举，并利用`@unique`装饰器确保枚举值的唯一性。通过展示Month和Weekday类的实例，展示了如何访问和操作枚举成员及其值。

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from enum import Enum, unique


Month = Enum('Month', ('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'))
print(type(Month)) # <class 'enum.EnumType'>

for name, member in Month.__members__.items():
    print(name, "->", member, '->', member.value)
    # 输出以下内容
    # Jan -> Month.Jan -> 1
    # Feb -> Month.Feb -> 2
    # Mar -> Month.Mar -> 3
    # Apr -> Month.Apr -> 4
    # May -> Month.May -> 5
    # Jun -> Month.Jun -> 6
    # Jul -> Month.Jul -> 7
    # Aug -> Month.Aug -> 8
    # Sep -> Month.Sep -> 9
    # Oct -> Month.Oct -> 10
    # Nov -> Month.Nov -> 11
    # Dec -> Month.Dec -> 12

# value属性是自动赋给成员的int常量，默认从1开始计数。
print(Month.Jan.value) # 1
print(Month.Jan) # Month.Jan

# @unique装饰器可以检查保证没有重复值
@unique
class Weekday(Enum):  # 更精确地控制枚举类型，可以从Enum派生出自定义类。
    Sun = 0
    Mon = 1
    Tue = 2
    Wed = 3
    Thu = 4
    Fri = 5
    Sat = 6
print(f"Weekday.Sun.name->{Weekday.Sun.name}")   # Weekday.Sun.name->Sun
print(f"Weekday.Mon->{Weekday.Mon}")             # Weekday.Mon->Weekday.Mon
print(f"Weekday['Mon']->{Weekday['Mon']}")       # Weekday['Mon']->Weekday.Mon
print(f"Weekday(1)->{Weekday(1)}")               # Weekday(1)->Weekday.Mon
print(f"Weekday.Mon.value->{Weekday.Mon.value}") # Weekday.Mon.value->1

print(list(Weekday)) # [<Weekday.Sun: 0>, <Weekday.Mon: 1>, <Weekday.Tue: 2>, <Weekday.Wed: 3>, <Weekday.Thu: 4>, <Weekday.Fri: 5>, <Weekday.Sat: 6>]
print(len(Weekday)) # 7
for day in Weekday:
    print(day)
    # 输出以下内容
    # Weekday.Sun
    # Weekday.Mon
    # Weekday.Tue
    # Weekday.Wed
    # Weekday.Thu
    # Weekday.Fri
    # Weekday.Sat