今天继续增加function Calling的例子.其实原理都是一样的,
例1: 通过 Function Calling 查询数据库
# 描述数据库表结构
database_schema_string = """
CREATE TABLE orders (
id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, -- 主键,不允许为空
customer_id INT NOT NULL, -- 客户ID,不允许为空
product_id STR NOT NULL, -- 产品ID,不允许为空
price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL, -- 价格,不允许为空
status INT NOT NULL, -- 订单状态,整数类型,不允许为空。0代表待支付,1代表已支付,2代表已退款
create_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -- 创建时间,默认为当前时间
pay_time TIMESTAMP -- 支付时间,可以为空
);
"""
这是一个数据库创建语句
def get_sql_completion(messages, model="gpt-4o-mini"):
response = client.chat.completions.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0,
tools=[{ # 摘自 OpenAI 官方示例 https://github.com/openai/openai-cookbook/blob/main/examples/How_to_call_functions_with_chat_models.ipynb
"type": "function",
"function": {
"name": "ask_database",
"description": "Use this function to answer user questions about business. \
Output should be a fully formed SQL query.",
"parameters": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"query": {
"type": "string",
"description": f"""
SQL query extracting info to answer the user's question.
SQL should be written using this database schema:
{database_schema_string}
The query should be returned in plain text, not in JSON.
The query should only contain grammars supported by SQLite.
""",
}
},
"required": ["query"],
}
}
}],
)
return response.choices[0].message
def ask_database(query):
cursor.execute(query)
records = cursor.fetchall()
return records
这是大模型的调用,并在tools参数中声明函数的名称,类型描述,入参,入参中参数的类型描述等.像这固定格式的描述写长了也就记住了.
import sqlite3
# 创建数据库连接
conn = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')
cursor = conn.cursor()
# 创建orders表
cursor.execute(database_schema_string)
# 插入5条明确的模拟记录
mock_data = [
(1, 1001, 'TSHIRT_1', 50.00, 0, '2023-09-12 10:00:00', None),
(2, 1001, 'TSHIRT_2', 75.50, 1, '2023-09-16 11:00:00', '2023-08-16 12:00:00'),
(3, 1002, 'SHOES_X2', 25.25, 2, '2023-10-17 12:30:00', '2023-08-17 13:00:00'),
(4, 1003, 'SHOES_X2', 25.25, 1, '2023-10-17 12:30:00', '2023-08-17 13:00:00'),
(5, 1003, 'HAT_Z112', 60.75, 1, '2023-10-20 14:00:00', '2023-08-20 15:00:00'),
(6, 1002, 'WATCH_X001', 90.00, 0, '2023-10-28 16:00:00', None)
]
for record in mock_data:
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO orders (id, customer_id, product_id, price, status, create_time, pay_time)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
''', record)
# 提交事务
conn.commit()
这里是创建数据库表,并且向数据库插入几条数据
prompt = "10月的销售额"
# prompt = "统计每月每件商品的销售额"
# prompt = "哪个用户消费最高?消费多少?"
messages = [
{"role": "system", "content": "你是一个数据分析师,基于数据库的数据回答问题"},
{"role": "user", "content": prompt}
]
response = get_sql_completion(messages)
if response.content is None:
response.content = ""
messages.append(response)
print("====Function Calling====")
print_json(response)
if response.tool_calls is not None:
tool_call = response.tool_calls[0]
if tool_call.function.name == "ask_database":
arguments = tool_call.function.arguments
args = json.loads(arguments)
print("====SQL====")
print(args["query"])
result = ask_database(args["query"])
print("====DB Records====")
print(result)
messages.append({
"tool_call_id": tool_call.id,
"role": "tool",
"name": "ask_database",
"content": str(result)
})
response = get_sql_completion(messages)
messages.append(response)
print("====最终回复====")
print(response.content)
print("=====对话历史=====")
print_json(messages)
这个还是前面讲的固定格式,根据tool_call是否和定义的方法名一样,一样则执行定义的方法,然后再塞给大模型.大模型返回最终的结果. 大模型在这里会自动形成下列sql语句,
SELECT SUM(price) AS total_sales FROM orders WHERE strftime(‘%Y-%m’, create_time) = ‘2023-10’ AND status = 1;
例2:用 Function Calling 实现多表查询
# 描述数据库表结构
database_schema_string = """
CREATE TABLE customers (
id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, -- 主键,不允许为空
customer_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, -- 客户名,不允许为空
email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE, -- 邮箱,唯一
register_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP -- 注册时间,默认为当前时间
);
CREATE TABLE products (
id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, -- 主键,不允许为空
product_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, -- 产品名称,不允许为空
price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL -- 价格,不允许为空
);
CREATE TABLE orders (
id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, -- 主键,不允许为空
customer_id INT NOT NULL, -- 客户ID,不允许为空
product_id INT NOT NULL, -- 产品ID,不允许为空
price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL, -- 价格,不允许为空
status INT NOT NULL, -- 订单状态,整数类型,不允许为空。0代表待支付,1代表已支付,2代表已退款
create_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -- 创建时间,默认为当前时间
pay_time TIMESTAMP -- 支付时间,可以为空
);
"""
prompt = "统计每月每件商品的销售额"
prompt = "这星期消费最高的用户是谁?他买了哪些商品? 每件商品买了几件?花费多少?"
messages = [
{"role": "system", "content": "你是一个数据分析师,基于数据库中的表回答用户问题"},
{"role": "user", "content": prompt}
]
response = get_sql_completion(messages)
sql = json.loads(response.tool_calls[0].function.arguments)["query"]
print(sql)
上述代码是测试输出的多表级联查询.
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