C编译时候的一个小小的警告:warning:argument is incompatible with prototype

本文探讨了C编译时遇到的警告`warning:argument is incompatible with prototype`,通过一个实例解释了const char **p与char **p之间的不兼容性。根据ANSI C标准,不同类型指针的兼容性和赋值规则导致了这种警告。理解这些规则对于避免编译问题至关重要。

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             这个警告信息的意思是:参数与原型不匹配;

             一个小例子来说明这种情况;

            foo(const char **p);

            int main(int argc,char **argv)

            {

                               foo(argv);

                                return 0;

            }

           编译这个的时候就会出现这条警告信息,问题出现在调用foo(const char **p)函数过程中,参数的传递上。

           标准C中,并不认同有限制符的形参const char **p和没有限制符的实参char **p是相容的;

          首先,ANSI C标准中有过这么一段话:每个实参都应该有自己的类型,这样就可以将它的值赋值给与它所对应的形参类型的对象。就是说类型完全相同的参数之间可以赋值;所以,上面会出现一条编译警告;

          说明:const char** 类型是一个没有限定符的类型,它的类型是:指向一个具有const限定符的char类型的指针的指针,所以,char**和const char**都是没有限定符的指针类型,但是他们指向的类型不一样,一个指向char *,另一个指向const char*,因此他们不相容;

          另外,ANSI C中还说明了一种特殊情况:两个操作数都是指向有限定符或者无限定符的相容类型的 指针,或者左边指针所指向的类型必须具有右边指针所指向类型的全部限定符。所以,这里在函数中调用实参char*可以和形参const char*匹配,例如:

          char* p;

          const char* p1;

           p1=p;

           左边操作数是一个指向const限定符的char 指针;而右边操作数是一个没有限定符的char指针;而char类型与char类型是相容的,左操作数所指向的类型具有右操作数所指向的类型的限定符(无),再加上自身的限定符(const).所以这种赋值就是合法的,不会有任何编译问题;

          而如果反过来,p=p1,编译的时候就会出现我们上边的警告信息;

使用上面代码编译出现以下问题:make -C ../../ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/ BPF_SAMPLES_PATH=/root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf make[1]: Entering directory '/root/bpf/linux-4.19.90' CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh DESCEND objtool make -C /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/../../tools/lib/bpf/ RM='rm -rf' LDFLAGS= srctree=/root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/../../ O= Warning: Kernel ABI header at 'tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h' differs from latest version at 'include/uapi/linux/bpf.h' HOSTCC /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.o /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c: In function ‘print_violation’: /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:53:26: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘localtime’; did you mean ‘st_atime’? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] struct tm *tm_info = localtime(&ts); ^~~~~~~~~ st_atime /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:53:26: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast [-Wint-conversion] /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:55:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘strftime’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] strftime(time_buf, sizeof(time_buf), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tm_info); ^~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:55:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strftime’ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:55:5: note: include ‘<time.h>’ or provide a declaration of ‘strftime’ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c: At top level: /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:69:13: warning: function declaration isn’t a prototype [-Wstrict-prototypes] static void read_violations() { ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c: In function ‘read_violations’: /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:77:12: error: variable ‘attr’ has initializer but incomplete type struct perf_event_attr attr = { ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:78:10: error: ‘struct perf_event_attr’ has no member named ‘sample_type’ .sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_RAW, ^~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:78:24: error:PERF_SAMPLE_RAW’ undeclared (first use in this function) .sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_RAW, ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:78:24: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:78:24: warning: excess elements in struct initializer /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:78:24: note: (near initialization for ‘attr’) /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:79:10: error: ‘struct perf_event_attr’ has no member named ‘type’ .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, ^~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:79:17: error:PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE’ undeclared (first use in this function) .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:79:17: warning: excess elements in struct initializer /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:79:17: note: (near initialization for ‘attr’) /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:80:10: error: ‘struct perf_event_attr’ has no member named ‘config’ .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT, ^~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:80:19: error:PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT’ undeclared (first use in this function) .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT, ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:80:19: warning: excess elements in struct initializer /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:80:19: note: (near initialization for ‘attr’) /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:81:10: error: ‘struct perf_event_attr’ has no member named ‘size’ .size = sizeof(attr), ^~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:81:23: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct perf_event_attr’ .size = sizeof(attr), ^ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:81:17: warning: excess elements in struct initializer .size = sizeof(attr), ^~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:81:17: note: (near initialization for ‘attr’) /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:82:10: error: ‘struct perf_event_attr’ has no member named ‘wakeup_events’ .wakeup_events = 1, ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:82:26: warning: excess elements in struct initializer .wakeup_events = 1, ^ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:82:26: note: (near initialization for ‘attr’) /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:77:28: error: storage size of ‘attr’ isn’t known struct perf_event_attr attr = { ^~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:85:23: error: ‘__NR_perf_event_open’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘bpf_perf_event_ret’? perf_fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &attr, -1, 0, -1, 0); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ bpf_perf_event_ret /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:100:11: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mmap’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] buf = mmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, perf_fd, 0); ^~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:100:33: error: ‘PROT_READ’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘IPPROTO_RAW’? buf = mmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, perf_fd, 0); ^~~~~~~~~ IPPROTO_RAW /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:100:45: error: ‘PROT_WRITE’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘PROT_READ’? buf = mmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, perf_fd, 0); ^~~~~~~~~~ PROT_READ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:100:57: error: ‘MAP_SHARED’ undeclared (first use in this function) buf = mmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, perf_fd, 0); ^~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:101:16: error: ‘MAP_FAILED’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘MAP_SHARED’? if (buf == MAP_FAILED) { ^~~~~~~~~~ MAP_SHARED /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:113:55: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type ‘struct perf_event_mmap_page’ __u64 data_head = __sync_fetch_and_add(&header->data_head, 0); ^~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:131:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘munmap’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] munmap(buf, mmap_size); ^~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c: In function ‘load_xdp’: /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:194:15: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘if_nametoindex’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] ifindex = if_nametoindex(iface); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:214:31: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘bpf_object__find_program_by_name’; did you mean ‘bpf_object__find_program_by_title’? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(bpf_object__find_program_by_name(obj, "xdp_whitelist")); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ bpf_object__find_program_by_title /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:214:31: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘bpf_program__fd’ makes pointer from integer without a cast [-Wint-conversion] In file included from /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:11:0: ./tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h:128:5: note: expected ‘struct bpf_program *’ but argument is of type ‘int’ int bpf_program__fd(struct bpf_program *prog); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c: At top level: /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.c:238:13: warning: function declaration isn’t a prototype [-Wstrict-prototypes] static void unload_xdp() { ^~~~~~~~~~ make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.host:107: /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/xdp_whitelist_user.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [Makefile:1695: /root/bpf/linux-4.19.90/samples/bpf/] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/bpf/linux-4.19.90' make: *** [Makefile:224: all] Error 2
最新发布
07-22
D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c: In function 'uart_task': D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:19:13: error: implicit declaration of function 'bzero' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] 19 | bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer)); | ^~~~~ D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:19:13: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'bzero' [-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch] D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c: In function 'parse_uart_command': D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:72:9: error: implicit declaration of function 'strncmp' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] 72 | if (strncmp(command, "SET_GROUP:", 10) == 0) { | ^~~~~~~ D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:6:1: note: include '<string.h>' or provide a declaration of 'strncmp' 5 | #include "driver/uart.h" +++ |+#include <string.h> 6 | #include "esp_log.h" D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:72:40: warning: 'strncmp' argument 3 type is 'int' where 'unsigned int' is expected in a call to built-in function declared without prototype [-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch] 72 | if (strncmp(command, "SET_GROUP:", 10) == 0) { | ^~ <built-in>: note: built-in 'strncmp' declared here D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:73:27: warning: initialization discards 'const' qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 73 | char *group_str = command + 10; | ^~~~~~~ D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:77:40: warning: 'strncmp' argument 3 type is 'int' where 'unsigned int' is expected in a call to built-in function declared without prototype [-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch] 77 | else if (strncmp(command, "SEND:", 5) == 0) { | ^ <built-in>: note: built-in 'strncmp' declared here D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:78:26: warning: initialization discards 'const' qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] 78 | char *addr_str = command + 5; | ^~~~~~~ D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:79:23: error: implicit declaration of function 'strchr' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] 79 | char *colon = strchr(addr_str, ':'); | ^~~~~~ D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:79:23: note: include '<string.h>' or provide a declaration of 'strchr' D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:79:23: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'strchr' [-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch] D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:79:23: note: include '<string.h>' or provide a declaration of 'strchr' D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:86:46: warning: 'strncmp' argument 3 type is 'int' where 'unsigned int' is expected in a call to built-in function declared without prototype [-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch] 86 | else if (strncmp(command, "GROUP_SEND:", 11) == 0) { | ^~ <built-in>: note: built-in 'strncmp' declared here D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:89:14: error: implicit declaration of function 'strcmp' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] 89 | else if (strcmp(command, "HEARTBEAT_TEST") == 0) { | ^~~~~~ D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:89:14: note: include '<string.h>' or provide a declaration of 'strcmp' D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/main/uart_handler.c:90:9: error: implicit declaration of function 'heartbeat_send' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] 90 | heartbeat_send(); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ [1390/1399] Performing configure step for 'bootloader' -- Found Git: E:/espidf/espressif/tools/idf-git/2.39.2/cmd/git.exe (found version "2.39.2.windows.1") -- The C compiler identification is GNU 14.2.0 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 14.2.0 -- The ASM compiler identification is GNU -- Found assembler: E:/espidf/espressif/tools/riscv32-esp-elf/esp-14.2.0_20241119/riscv32-esp-elf/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-gcc.exe -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working C compiler: E:/espidf/espressif/tools/riscv32-esp-elf/esp-14.2.0_20241119/riscv32-esp-elf/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-gcc.exe - skipped -- Detecting C compile features -- Detecting C compile features - done -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: E:/espidf/espressif/tools/riscv32-esp-elf/esp-14.2.0_20241119/riscv32-esp-elf/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe - skipped -- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Building ESP-IDF components for target esp32c3 -- Project sdkconfig file D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/sdkconfig -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/riscv/ld/rom.api.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/soc/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3.peripherals.ld -- Bootloader project name: "bootloader" version: 1 -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3.rom.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3.rom.api.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3.rom.bt_funcs.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3.rom.libgcc.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3.rom.version.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3.rom.newlib.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/bootloader/subproject/main/ld/esp32c3/bootloader.ld -- Adding linker script E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/bootloader/subproject/main/ld/esp32c3/bootloader.rom.ld -- Components: bootloader bootloader_support efuse esp_app_format esp_bootloader_format esp_common esp_hw_support esp_rom esp_security esp_system esptool_py freertos hal log main micro-ecc newlib partition_table riscv soc spi_flash -- Component paths: E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/bootloader E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/bootloader_support E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/efuse E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_app_format E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_bootloader_format E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_common E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_rom E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_security E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esp_system E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/esptool_py E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/freertos E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/hal E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/log E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/bootloader/subproject/main E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/bootloader/subproject/components/micro-ecc E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/newlib E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/partition_table E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/riscv E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/soc E:/espidf/v5.4.1/esp-idf/components/spi_flash -- Configuring done (11.6s) -- Generating done (0.1s) -- Build files have been written to: D:/esp32_C3/vendor_0.1.5/build/bootloader ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed. * 终端进程“e:\espidf\espressif\tools\ninja\1.12.1\ninja.EXE”已终止,退出代码: 1。
07-16
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