mongodb学习笔记–C++操作mongodb

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-05-04 06:16:39 发布 1.2k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Qt使用MongoDB的c++接口：连接、创建、写入、读取使用c++接口，连接数据库，创建表格，查找表格中的数据，写入一个图片文件，并从数据库中拿取图片数据再保存为图片。。例如:好了，直接上代码。阅读详情

mongodb学习笔记–C++操作mongodb

　　在学习mongodb过程当中，必须学习的就是用C++（Java、PHP、C#等）操作mongodb，这里讲述C++操作mongodb，在官方提供的mongo-cxx-driver驱动中有相关的操作例子，可以结合例子学习，目录是mongo-cxx-driver-legacy-1.0.0-rc0\src\mongo\client\examples，这里针对几个重要的点讲述。

1. C++连接mongodb

（1）有无密码都适用

mongo::client::GlobalInstance instance;
if (!instance.initialized()) {
    std::cout << "failed to initialize the client driver: " << instance.status() << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}

std::string uri = "mongodb://username:password@127.0.0.1:27017";
std::string errmsg;

ConnectionString cs = ConnectionString::parse(uri, errmsg);

if (!cs.isValid()) {
    std::cout << "Error parsing connection string " << uri << ": " << errmsg << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}

boost::scoped_ptr<DBClientBase> conn(cs.connect(errmsg));
if (!conn) {
    cout << "couldn't connect : " << errmsg << endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}

　　这种方式有密码和无密码的情况都适用，"username"为登录名，"password"为登录密码；无密码时去掉"username:password@"即可连接，这样连接方式比较常用。

（2）常规连接操作（不带密码连接）

mongo::DBClientConnection conn; 
mongo::Status status = mongo::client::initialize();
if (!status.isOK()) {
    MongoException m(-1, "failed to initialize the client driver: " + status.toString());
    return -1;
}
string url = "localhost:27017";
if (!conn.connect(url, errmsg)) {
    MongoException m(0, "couldn’t connect : " + errmsg);
    return -1;
}

通过这种方式可建立与mongodb的连接，但是是未带权限的连接。

（3）带密码连接

conn.auth( "admin" , "username" , "password" , errmsg );

　　其中"admin"为验证用户的所在数据库，一般在"test.system.users"或"admin.system.users"表中，所以填库名"test"或"admin"，"username"为登录名，"password"为登录密码。
或者下面的auth方式也可以：

conn.auth(BSON(
    "user" << "root" << "db" << "admin" <<
    "pwd" << "password" << "mechanism" << "DEFAULT"
));

根据mongodb的设置更改传递给函数conn.auth的参数值。

2. C++查询数据

const char* ns = "test.first";
conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()); //查询一条数据
conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj()); //条件查询

3. C++插入数据

const char* ns = "test.first";
conn->insert(ns, BSON("name" << "joe" 
                      << "pwd" << "123456" 
                      << "age" << 20));

4. C++删除数据

const char* ns = "test.first";
conn->remove(ns, BSONObj()); //删除所有
conn->remove(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj()); //删除指定文档

5. C++更新数据

(1) 在原数据基础上增加属性

const char* ns = "test.first";
BSONObj res = conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj());
BSONObj after = BSONObjBuilder().appendElements(res).append("name2", "h").obj();
conn->update(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "jeo2").obj(), after); //在原数据上增加属性

这种update方式只是在原数据基础上增加属性，并不会改变指定属性值。
(2) 更改指定的某个属性值
想要update指定属性的值，需要用到”$set”指令，如下代码所示：

BSONObj res = conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj());
//更改指定的某个属性值
conn->update("test.first", res, BSON("$set" << BSON("age" << 11)));

主要想强调下update更改指定的某个属性值的方式，比较常用。

6. C++操作例子

(1) simple_client_test.cpp

/*
#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <windows.h>
#endif*/
//g++ simple_client_test.cpp -pthread -lmongoclient -lboost_thread -lboost_system -lboost_regex -o simple_client_test
#include "mongo/client/dbclient.h"  // the mongo c++ driver

#include <iostream>

#ifndef verify
#define verify(x) MONGO_verify(x)
#endif

using namespace std;
using namespace mongo;
//using mongo::BSONObj;
//using mongo::BSONObjBuilder;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    if (argc > 2) {
        std::cout << "usage: " << argv[0] << " [MONGODB_URI]" << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    mongo::client::GlobalInstance instance;
    if (!instance.initialized()) {
        std::cout << "failed to initialize the client driver: " << instance.status() << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    std::string uri = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : "mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017";
    std::string errmsg;

    ConnectionString cs = ConnectionString::parse(uri, errmsg);

    if (!cs.isValid()) {
        std::cout << "Error parsing connection string " << uri << ": " << errmsg << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    boost::scoped_ptr<DBClientBase> conn(cs.connect(errmsg));
    if (!conn) {
        cout << "couldn't connect : " << errmsg << endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    const char* ns = "test.first";

    conn->dropCollection(ns);

    //clean up old data from any previous tesets
    conn->remove(ns, BSONObj());
    verify(conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()).isEmpty()); //verify逻辑表达式，判断是否还存在test.first，是否clenn up成功

    //test insert
    cout << "(1) test insert----" << endl;
    conn->insert(ns, 
                 BSON("name" << "joe" 
                      << "pwd" << "123456" 
                      << "age" << 20));
    verify(!conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()).isEmpty());     //判断是否添加成功
    cout << "insert data : " << conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()) << endl;
    cout << "insert success!" << endl;

    // test remove
    cout << "(2) test remove----" << endl;
    conn->remove(ns, BSONObj());
    verify(conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()).isEmpty());
    cout << "remove success!" << endl;

    // insert, findOne testing
    conn->insert(ns, 
                 BSON("name" << "joe" 
                      << "pwd" << "234567" 
                      << "age" << 21));
    {
        BSONObj res = conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj());
        verify(strstr(res.getStringField("name"), "joe"));
        verify(!strstr(res.getStringField("name2"), "joe"));
        verify(21 == res.getIntField("age"));
    }
    cout << "insert data : " << conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()) <<endl;

    // test update
    {
        BSONObj res = conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj());
        verify(!strstr(res.getStringField("name2"), "jeo"));

        BSONObj after = BSONObjBuilder().appendElements(res).append("name2", "w").obj();
        cout << "(3) test update name joe add name2 name3----" << endl;
        //upsert type1 update method
        conn->update(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj(), after);
        //res = conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name2", "w").obj());
        verify(!strstr(res.getStringField("name2"), "joe"));
        verify(conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe2").obj()).isEmpty());
        //cout << " update1 data: " << conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()) << endl;
        cout << " update1 data : " << conn->findOne(ns, Query("{name2:'w'}")) << endl;

        //upsert type2 update method 更改指定的某个属性值 
        const string TEST_NS = "test.first";
        conn->update("test.first", res, BSON("$set" << BSON("age" << 11)));
        cout << " update2 data : " << conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()) << endl;
        res = conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj());

        //upsert type3 update method
        try
        {
            after = BSONObjBuilder().appendElements(res).append("name3", "h").obj();
            conn->update(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj(), after);
        }
        catch (OperationException&)
        {
            cout << " update error: " << conn->getLastErrorDetailed().toString() << endl;
        }
        verify(!conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj()).isEmpty());
        //cout << " update3 data: " << conn->findOne(ns, BSONObj()) << endl;
        cout << " update3 data : " << conn->findOne(ns, Query("{name3:'h'}")) << endl;

        cout << "(4) test query-----" << "\n query data : " 
            << conn->findOne(ns, BSONObjBuilder().append("name", "joe").obj()) << endl;
        cout << " Query data : " << conn->findOne(ns, Query("{name:'joe'}")) << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

(2) makefile文件

CC = g++
TEST = simple_client_test

$(TEST):
    $(CC) $@.cpp -pthread -lmongoclient -lboost_thread -lboost_system -lboost_regex -o $@
    ./$(TEST)
    rm -f $(TEST)
run:
    ./$(TEST)

clean:
    rm -f $(TEST)