hub, bridge和swtich区别

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-29 17:08:57 发布

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本文介绍了三种基本网络设备：集线器(Hub)、桥接器(Bridge)和交换机(Switch)的工作原理及其在网络中的作用。集线器作为物理层设备，将接收到的数据包广播到所有端口；桥接器通过解析MAC地址决定转发或丢弃数据帧，工作在数据链路层；而交换机则是多端口的桥接器，克服了集线器和桥接器的局限性。

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http://www.innervoice.in/blogs/2013/07/15/networking-nuggets-1/

A Hub is a networking device that the ‘physical layer’ (Layer 1) of the OSI Model.
By physical layer, I mean that a Hub operates purely on the electrical signals that flow through our networks.
An incoming frame from any port is broadcast to all other ports in a hub.
- The host or device attached to the port decides what to do with the frame.
Since a Hub repeats the frame, it is also known as a repeater.
Limitation – high traffic can bog down a hub since every frame is replicated.

Bridge is a more intelligent networking device when compared to a Hub.
A Bridge has two ports – and was designed to bridge two LAN segments.
Bridge interprets the electrical signals as an incoming frame on one of its ports.
Then it looks at the destination address (MAC address) encoded in this incoming frame and decides whether to forward the frame or drop it.
For this reason, a Bridge is considered as a ‘data link layer’ (Layer 2) device.
Limitation – since it has only two ports, a bridge cannot be widely used to connect end hosts and devices.

A Switch is a Bridge with more than two ports.
Switches and Bridges use MAC address for determining the destination port for an incoming frame.
A Switch is a more scalable and practical networking device
- A switch overcomes the limitations of both Hub and a Bridge
Switches are much more widely used today when compared to Hub and Bridge.