单例模式之多例类【设计模式】

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-16 16:37:18 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2021-11-16 16:37:18 发布 · 4.3k 阅读

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#设计模式 #单例模式 #多例类 #JAVA

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本文详细介绍了如何在JAVA中实现单例模式，并探讨了如何将单例模式改造为多例类，提供了两种不同的实现方式：限制实例数量为固定值，以及通过索引选择不同实例。通过具体的代码示例和测试结果，展示了这两种多例类的创建和使用。

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单例模式：单例模式

多例类：请使用单例模式编写一个程序，然后考虑一下如何对这个程序进行改造，使得系统中某个类的对象可以存在有限多个，例如两例或三例？

法一：最多有max_num种实例，如果调用次数超过，则默认为第max_num种

代码如下：

public class KFC {
	private static ArrayList<TaoCan> taocan = new ArrayList<TaoCan>();
	static int num = 0;
	static int max_num = 3;
	
	public static TaoCan getinstance(){//最多有max_num种套餐，如果调用次数超过，则默认为最后一种
		synchronized (KFC.class) {
			if(num < max_num){
				num++;
				taocan.add(new TaoCan());
			}
		}
		return taocan.get(num-1);
	}
	
}

测试类：

package KFC;

public class Customer {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		KFC kfc = new KFC();
		TaoCan customer1 = kfc.getinstance();
		TaoCan customer2 = kfc.getinstance();
		TaoCan customer3 = kfc.getinstance();
		TaoCan customer4 = kfc.getinstance();
		TaoCan customer5 = kfc.getinstance();
		System.out.println("customer1 == customer2? " + customer1.equals(customer2));
		System.out.println("customer1 == customer3? " + customer1.equals(customer3));
		System.out.println("customer2 == customer3? " + customer2.equals(customer3));
		System.out.println("customer3 == customer5? " + customer3.equals(customer5));
		System.out.println("customer4 == customer5? " + customer4.equals(customer5));
	}

}

测试结果：

法二：最多有max_num种套餐，按照索引参数确定是哪种套餐

代码如下：

public class KFC {
	private static ArrayList<TaoCan> taocan = new ArrayList<TaoCan>();
	static int max_num = 3;
	
	static{
		for(int i = 0; i < max_num; i++){
			taocan.add(new TaoCan());
		}
	}
	
	public static TaoCan getinstance(final int i){//最多有max_num种套餐，如果调用次数超过，则默认为最后一种
		synchronized (KFC.class) {
			if(i <= max_num){
				return taocan.get(i-1);
			} else {
				System.out.println("对不起，本店没有该套餐。。。 i = " + i);
				return null;
			}
		}
	}
	
}

测试类：

package KFC;

public class Customer {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		KFC kfc = new KFC();
		TaoCan customer1 = kfc.getinstance(1);
		TaoCan customer2 = kfc.getinstance(2);
		TaoCan customer3 = kfc.getinstance(3);
		TaoCan customer4 = kfc.getinstance(4);
		TaoCan customer5 = kfc.getinstance(5);
		TaoCan customer6 = kfc.getinstance(2);
		if(customer1 != null && customer2 != null)
			System.out.println("customer1 == customer2? " + customer1.equals(customer2));
		if(customer1 != null && customer3 != null)
			System.out.println("customer1 == customer3? " + customer1.equals(customer3));
		if(customer2 != null && customer3 != null)
			System.out.println("customer2 == customer3? " + customer2.equals(customer3));
		if(customer3 != null && customer5 != null)
			System.out.println("customer3 == customer5? " + customer3.equals(customer5));
		if(customer4 != null && customer5 != null)
			System.out.println("customer4 == customer5? " + customer4.equals(customer5));
		if(customer6 != null && customer2 != null)
			System.out.println("customer6 == customer2? " + customer6.equals(customer2));
	}

}

测试结果：