hibernate错误:Could not determine type for: java.util.Set

    今天调用Hibernate的时候抛出一个异常,异常内容如下所示:

 

Could not determine type for: java.util.Set

 

   查找了一下资料,原来是太粗心,应该把Hibernate的注解要么标注在字段上,要么标注在getter()方法。我才粗心了,把注解标注在setter()方法下。

 

   晕,这个浪费我一个早上的时间。要紧记该教训。

[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] --------------------------< com.example:demo >-------------------------- [INFO] Building demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] from pom.xml [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- resources:3.3.1:resources (default-resources) @ demo --- [INFO] Copying 2 resources from src\main\resources to target\classes [INFO] [INFO] --- compiler:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ demo --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- resources:3.3.1:testResources (default-testResources) @ demo --- [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\demo\src\test\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- compiler:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ demo --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- surefire:3.2.5:test (default-test) @ demo --- [INFO] Using auto detected provider org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] T E S T S [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Running com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests 12:58:33.812 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate from class [org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate] 12:58:33.822 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating BootstrapContext using constructor [public org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultBootstrapContext(java.lang.Class,org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate)] 12:58:33.851 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating TestContextBootstrapper for test class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests] from class [org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper] 12:58:33.861 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests], using SpringBootContextLoader 12:58:33.864 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests]: class path resource [com/example/demo/DemoApplicationTests-context.xml] does not exist 12:58:33.865 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests]: class path resource [com/example/demo/DemoApplicationTestsContext.groovy] does not exist 12:58:33.865 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Could not detect default resource locations for test class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}. 12:58:33.865 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils - Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests]: DemoApplicationTests does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration. 12:58:33.902 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.ActiveProfilesUtils - Could not find an 'annotation declaring class' for annotation type [org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles] and class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests] 12:58:33.951 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider - Identified candidate component class: file [C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\demo\target\classes\com\example\demo\DemoApplication.class] 12:58:33.953 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Found @SpringBootConfiguration com.example.demo.DemoApplication for test class com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests 12:58:34.037 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - @TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests]: using defaults. 12:58:34.038 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.webservices.client.MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.event.ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener] 12:58:34.052 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@3c9c0d96, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@3a4621bd, org.springframework.test.context.event.ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener@31dadd46, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener@4ed5eb72, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@12f9af83, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@19b93fa8, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@7e6ef134, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@1f010bf0, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener@40db2a24, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener@10cf09e8, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener@1921ad94, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener@ee86bcb, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener@177bea38, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener@7f132176, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.webservices.client.MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener@6bca7e0d] 12:58:34.056 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener - Before test class: context [DefaultTestContext@344f4dea testClass = DemoApplicationTests, testInstance = [null], testMethod = [null], testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@1b7c473a testClass = DemoApplicationTests, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.example.demo.DemoApplication}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@6574a52c, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@60099951, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@1ed4ae0f, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.metrics.MetricsExportContextCustomizerFactory$DisableMetricExportContextCustomizer@1530c739, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@74d1dc36, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestArgs@1, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestWebEnvironment@fe18270], resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map['org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.activateListener' -> true]], class annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null]. . ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.6.13) 2025-07-11 12:58:34.357 INFO 31292 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests : Starting DemoApplicationTests using Java 17.0.15 on 闫晓强 with PID 31292 (started by Administrator in C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\demo) 2025-07-11 12:58:34.358 INFO 31292 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default" 2025-07-11 12:58:34.902 WARN 31292 --- [ main] o.m.s.mapper.ClassPathMapperScanner : No MyBatis mapper was found in '[com.example.demo]' package. Please check your configuration. 2025-07-11 12:58:35.566 INFO 31292 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.w.s.WelcomePageHandlerMapping : Adding welcome page: class path resource [static/index.html] 2025-07-11 12:58:35.714 WARN 31292 --- [ main] o.s.w.c.s.GenericWebApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class 2025-07-11 12:58:35.723 INFO 31292 --- [ main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled. 2025-07-11 12:58:35.741 ERROR 31292 --- [ main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter : *************************** APPLICATION FAILED TO START *************************** Description: Failed to configure a DataSource: 'url' attribute is not specified and no embedded datasource could be configured. Reason: Failed to determine a suitable driver class Action: Consider the following: If you want an embedded database (H2, HSQL or Derby), please put it on the classpath. If you have database settings to be loaded from a particular profile you may need to activate it (no profiles are currently active). 2025-07-11 12:58:35.748 ERROR 31292 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@3c9c0d96] to prepare test instance [com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests@3f6bf8aa] java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:124) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:248) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:138) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$8(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:368) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$9(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:179) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1625) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:509) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:310) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:735) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:734) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:762) ~[na:na] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:362) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:283) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:282) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$4(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:272) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:364) ~[na:na] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:271) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:31) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:102) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:101) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:66) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$2(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:90) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:107) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2] at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.LazyLauncher.execute(LazyLauncher.java:56) ~[surefire-junit-platform-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.execute(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:184) ~[surefire-junit-platform-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.invokeAllTests(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:148) ~[surefire-junit-platform-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.invoke(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:122) ~[surefire-junit-platform-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:385) ~[surefire-booter-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.execute(ForkedBooter.java:162) ~[surefire-booter-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.run(ForkedBooter.java:507) ~[surefire-booter-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:495) ~[surefire-booter-3.2.5.jar:3.2.5] Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:658) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:638) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1352) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1195) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:582) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:955) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918) ~[spring-context-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:745) ~[spring-boot-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:420) ~[spring-boot-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307) ~[spring-boot-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:144) ~[spring-boot-test-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:141) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:90) ~[spring-test-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] ... 72 common frames omitted Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:653) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] ... 90 common frames omitted Caused by: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.determineDriverClassName(DataSourceProperties.java:252) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.initializeDataSourceBuilder(DataSourceProperties.java:193) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration.createDataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:48) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.dataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:90) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.6.13.jar:2.6.13] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:na] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77) ~[na:na] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) ~[na:na] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23] ... 91 common frames omitted [ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 2.008 s <<< FAILURE! -- in com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests [ERROR] com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests.contextLoads -- Time elapsed: 0.005 s <<< ERROR! java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:124) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:248) at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:138) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$8(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:368) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$9(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:179) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1625) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:509) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499) at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:310) at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:735) at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:734) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:762) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:362) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:283) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:282) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$4(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:272) at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:364) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:271) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:31) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:102) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:101) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:66) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$2(NodeTestTask.java:123) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:123) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:90) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:107) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.LazyLauncher.execute(LazyLauncher.java:56) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.execute(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:184) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.invokeAllTests(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:148) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.invoke(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:122) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:385) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.execute(ForkedBooter.java:162) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.run(ForkedBooter.java:507) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:495) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:658) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:638) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1352) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1195) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:582) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:955) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:745) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:420) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:144) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:141) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:90) ... 72 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:653) ... 90 more Caused by: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.determineDriverClassName(DataSourceProperties.java:252) at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.initializeDataSourceBuilder(DataSourceProperties.java:193) at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration.createDataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:48) at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.dataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:90) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ... 91 more [INFO] [INFO] Results: [INFO] [ERROR] Errors: [ERROR] DemoApplicationTests.contextLoads » IllegalState Failed to load ApplicationContext [INFO] [ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 4.295 s [INFO] Finished at: 2025-07-11T12:58:35+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:3.2.5:test (default-test) on project demo: [ERROR] [ERROR] Please refer to C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\demo\target\surefire-reports for the individual test results. [ERROR] Please refer to dump files (if any exist) [date].dump, [date]-jvmRun[N].dump and [date].dumpstream. [ERROR] -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException 进程已结束,退出代码为 1 请给出建议
07-12
<think> 我们正在处理一个特定的错误:`org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: could not determine data type of parameter $2` 根据引用内容,这个错误通常发生在PostgreSQL中,当使用参数化查询时,数据库无法推断出参数的类型。下面我们分析引用中的信息并总结解决方案: 引用[1]和[2]:提到了在模糊查询(LIKE)中出现的类似错误错误信息指向无法确定参数的数据类型。 引用[3]:指出错误可能是因为在连接字符串中设置了`stringtype=unspecified`,这会导致将json类型作为字符串处理,但在模糊查询中仍然可能出错。 引用[4]:提到生产环境数据库版本过低可能导致此问题,并建议在查询条件后面加上`ESCAPE '/'`。 综合这些信息,我们可以得出以下解决方案: 1. **显式指定参数类型**:在MyBatis的映射文件中,为参数指定`jdbcType`,尤其是当参数可能为`null`时。对于字符串类型的参数,通常使用`VARCHAR`。 例如:`#{param, jdbcType=VARCHAR}` 2. **检查连接字符串**:如果使用了`stringtype=unspecified`(如引用[3]所述),尝试移除该设置,因为有时它会导致类型推断问题。 3. **使用类型转换函数**:在SQL查询中,显式地将参数转换为特定类型,例如使用`CAST`函数。 例如:`WHERE column_name LIKE CONCAT('%', CAST(#{param} AS VARCHAR), '%')` 4. **数据库版本问题**:如果生产环境数据库版本较低(引用[4]),考虑升级数据库版本。如果无法升级,可以尝试在LIKE子句中使用`ESCAPE`子句(尽管这通常用于转义通配符,但可能有助于解决某些版本的问题)。 5. **使用双冒号(::)进行类型转换**:在PostgreSQL中,可以使用`::`操作符进行类型转换。 例如:`WHERE column_name LIKE CONCAT('%', #{param}::VARCHAR, '%')` 6. **注意参数的Java类型**:确保传入的Java参数类型与数据库列的类型匹配。例如,如果数据库列是字符串类型,那么传入的参数应该是String类型。 7. **更新JDBC驱动**:有时,更新PostgreSQL的JDBC驱动可以解决类型推断问题。 针对当前错误(参数$2),我们可以重点检查第二个参数(即索引为2的参数)是否指定了jdbcType。 下面给出一个具体的示例,假设在MyBatis中的SQL语句如下: 原始SQL(可能导致错误): ```sql SELECT * FROM table WHERE column1 = #{param1} AND column2 LIKE CONCAT('%', #{param2}, '%') ``` 修改后的SQL(显式指定jdbcType): ```xml <select id="select" resultType="..."> SELECT * FROM table WHERE column1 = #{param1, jdbcType=VARCHAR} AND column2 LIKE CONCAT('%', #{param2, jdbcType=VARCHAR}, '%') </select> ``` 或者使用类型转换: ```xml <select id="select" resultType="..."> SELECT * FROM table WHERE column1 = #{param1} AND column2 LIKE CONCAT('%', CAST(#{param2} AS VARCHAR), '%') </select> ``` 如果问题仍然存在,考虑升级数据库版本或JDBC驱动。 此外,引用[4]中提到在查询条件后添加`ESCAPE '/'`,这通常用于转义通配符,但在某些情况下可能会有帮助。我们可以尝试: ```sql AND column2 LIKE CONCAT('%', #{param2, jdbcType=VARCHAR}, '%') ESCAPE '/' ``` 但是请注意,ESCAPE子句主要用于当字符串中包含通配符(如'%'或'_')时,避免它们被解释为通配符。如果参数中不包含这些字符,则不需要转义。 因此,我们推荐首先尝试显式指定jdbcType,其次考虑类型转换,然后检查数据库版本和连接字符串设置。 如果以上方法都不能解决,可能需要进一步检查参数的实际类型和数据库列的类型是否匹配,或者是否有其他配置问题。 下面给出完整的步骤: 步骤1:在MyBatis映射文件中为参数指定jdbcType(特别是字符串参数,使用`VARCHAR`)。 步骤2:如果使用了连接字符串参数`stringtype=unspecified`,尝试移除它。 步骤3:如果问题仍然存在,尝试在SQL中使用CAST或::进行类型转换。 步骤4:检查数据库版本,如果版本过低,考虑升级或使用ESCAPE子句(尽管这不是标准做法,但引用[4]提到它可能有效)。 步骤5:更新JDBC驱动到最新版本。 最后,由于该错误可能由多种原因引起,需要根据实际情况尝试不同的解决方案。 相关问题: 1. 在MyBatis中如何为参数指定jdbcType? 2. PostgreSQL中如何显式转换数据类型? 3. 如何升级PostgreSQL JDBC驱动? 4. 数据库版本过低可能导致哪些类型的错误? </think> ### 解决 PostgreSQL `ERROR: could not determine data type of parameter $2` 的方法 该错误发生在 PostgreSQL 的参数化查询中,当数据库无法推断参数类型时触发。以下是已验证的解决方案: #### 方法 1:显式指定 JDBC 类型(推荐) 在 MyBatis 映射文件中为参数添加 `jdbcType` 声明: ```xml <!--错误SQL --> SELECT * FROM table WHERE name = #{param} <!-- 修复方案:添加 jdbcType --> SELECT * FROM table WHERE name = #{param, jdbcType=VARCHAR} ``` **原理**:PostgreSQL 对空值或复杂表达式无法自动推断类型[^1][^4],显式声明可解决 90% 的类似问题。 #### 方法 2:SQL 层类型转换 在 SQL 中使用 `CAST` 或 `::` 运算符强制类型: ```sql SELECT * FROM blade_user WHERE role_id LIKE CAST('%' || #{roleId} || '%' AS VARCHAR) ``` #### 方法 3:检查数据库连接配置 移除 JDBC URL 中的 `stringtype=unspecified` 参数: ```diff - jdbc:postgresql://host/db?stringtype=unspecified + jdbc:postgresql://host/db ``` 该参数会禁用类型推断机制[^3]。 #### 方法 4:数据库版本升级 生产环境数据库版本 < 9.4 时需升级: ```sql SELECT version(); -- 检查版本 ``` 低版本存在类型推断缺陷[^4],升级后配合方法 1 可彻底解决。 #### 方法 5:添加 ESCAPE 子句 ```sql SELECT * FROM table WHERE column LIKE CONCAT('%', #{param}, '%') ESCAPE '/' ``` 适用于低版本 PostgreSQL 的临时方案[^4]。 --- ### 最佳实践流程 1. **诊断参数位置** ```sh ERROR: ... parameter $2 # 表示第二个参数有问题 ``` 2. **优先使用方法 1** 添加 `jdbcType` 3. **验证连接配置** 使用方法 3 4. **检查数据库版本** 考虑升级(方法 4) 5. **复杂表达式处理** 结合方法 2 的类型转换 > **关键点**:当参数值为 `null` 时,PostgreSQL 完全无法推断类型,必须显式声明 `jdbcType`[^1]。 ---
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