STL 排序算法

本文详细介绍了STL中的各种排序算法及其应用示例,包括通用排序、部分排序、堆操作等,并展示了如何利用这些算法进行高效的数据处理。

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STL中的排序算法及其他主要包括:

1,排序 2,第n个元素 3,二分检索  4,归并  5,序结构上的集合操作   6,堆操作   7,最大和最小  8,词典比较 9,排列生成器 10,数值算法

 

1,排序:

 

sort(),stable_sort(),partial_sort(),partial_sort_copy()

template<class RanIt>
void sort(RanIt first , RanIt last;
template<class RanIt ,class Pred>
void sort(RanIt  first, RanIt last, Pred pr);

template<class RanIt>
void stable_sort(RanIt  first,RanIt last)
template<class RanIt,class Pred>
void stable_sort(RanIt first,RanIt last,Pred pr);

template<class RanIt>
void partial_sort(RanIt first,RanIt  middle,RanIt last);
template<class RanIt,class Pred>
void partial_sort(RanIt first,RanIt middle,RanIt last,Pred pr);

template<class Init,class RanIt>
RanIt partial_sort_copy(Init first1 , Init last1, RanIt first2,RanIt last2);
template<class Init,class RanIt,class Pred>
RanIt partial_sort_copy(Init first1,Init last1,RanIt first1 , RanIt last2,Pred pr);

示例:

1,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using  namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,8,6,10,4};
	vector<int> v(a,a+5);
	sort(v.begin(),v.end());

	cout << "sort as increment : " << endl;
	copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}


2,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using  namespace std;

bool myless(int &m,int &n)
{
	return m > n;
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,8,6,10,4};
	vector<int> v(a,a+5);
	sort(v.begin(),v.end(),myless);

	cout << "sort as decrement : " << endl;
	copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}


3,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
	int NO;
	string name;
	int grade;
	
	Student(int NO,string name,int grade)
	{
		this -> NO = NO;
		this -> name = name;
		this -> grade = grade;
	}

	bool operator< (const Student &s) const
	{
		return grade < s.grade;
	}
};

ostream & operator << (ostream &os,const Student & s)
{
	os << s.NO << "\t" << s.name << "\t" << s.grade;
	return os;
}

int main()
{
	Student s1(101,"zhangsan",90);
	Student s2(102,"lisi",80);
	Student s3(103,"wangwu",85);
	Student s4(103,"zhaoliu",65);

	vector<Student> v;
	v.push_back(s1);
	v.push_back(s2);
	v.push_back(s3);
	v.push_back(s4);

	sort(v.begin(),v.end());
	cout << "sort as increment : " << endl;
	cout << "NO\tname\tgrade" << endl;
	copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator<Student>(cout,"\n"));
	
	return 0 ;
};


4,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {10,1,3,9,7,6,2,4,5,8};
	vector<int> v(a,a+10);
	cout << "Org vector data: ";
	copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	partial_sort(v.begin(),v.begin()+4,v.end());
	cout << "After partial_sort : ";
	copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}


 

5,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <functional>

using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
	int NO;
	string name;
	int grade;
	
	Student() {}
	Student(int NO,string name,int grade)
	{
		this -> NO = NO;
		this -> name = name;
		this -> grade = grade;
	}

	bool operator> (const Student &s) const
	{
		return grade > s.grade;
	}
};

int main()
{
	vector<Student> v;
	Student s1(101,"aaa",90);
	Student s2(102,"bbb",80);
	Student s3(103,"ccc",60);
	Student s4(104,"ddd",96);
	Student s5(105,"eee",95);
	Student s6(106,"fff",78);
	Student s7(107,"ggg",94);
	Student s8(108,"hhh",92);

	v.push_back(s1);
	v.push_back(s2);
	v.push_back(s3);
	v.push_back(s4);
	v.push_back(s5);
	v.push_back(s6);
	v.push_back(s7);
	v.push_back(s8);

	vector<Student> vResult(3);
	partial_sort_copy(v.begin(),v.end(),vResult.begin(),vResult.end(),greater<Student>());

	for(int i = 0 ;i < vResult.size(); i++)
	{
		Student & s = vResult.at(i);
		cout << s.NO << "\t" << s.name << "\t" << s.grade << endl;
	}

	return 0 ;
};


 

6,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {10,1,3,9,7,6,2,4,5,8};

	list<int> l(a,a+10);
//	l.sort(l.begin(),l.end());   错误调用,因为list特殊,重载了sort!
	l.sort(greater<int>());
	copy(l.begin(),l.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));

	return 0;
}


2,第n个元素

 

nth_element()

template<class RanIt>
void nth_element(RanIt first,RanIt nth,RanIt last);

template<class RanIt,class Pred>
void nth_element(RanIt first,RanIt nth,RanIt last,Pred pr);

示例:

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <functional>

using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
	int NO;
	string name;
	int grade;

	Student(int NO,string name,int grade)
	{
		this -> NO = NO;
		this -> name = name;
		this -> grade = grade;
	}

	bool operator > (const Student & s) const
	{
		return grade > s.grade;
	}
};

int main()
{
	vector<Student> v;

	Student s1(101,"aaa",90);
	Student s2(102,"bbb",80);
	Student s3(103,"ccc",60);
	Student s4(104,"ddd",96);
	Student s5(105,"eee",95);
	Student s6(106,"fff",78);
	Student s7(107,"ggg",94);
	Student s8(108,"hhh",92);

	v.push_back(s1);
	v.push_back(s2);
	v.push_back(s3);
	v.push_back(s4);
	v.push_back(s5);
	v.push_back(s6);
	v.push_back(s7);
	v.push_back(s8);

	nth_element(v.begin(),v.begin()+2,v.end(),greater<Student>());
	vector<Student>::iterator it = v.begin()+2;

	cout << "the 3th good student info : " << endl;
	cout << "ID\tname\tgrade" << endl;
	cout << (*it).NO << "\t" << (*it).name << "\t" << (*it).grade << endl;

	return 0;
}


 

3,二分检索

 

lower_bound() , upper_bound() , equal_range() , binary_search()

template<class FwdIt, class T>
FwdIt lower_bound(FwdIt first,FwdIt last,const T &val);
template<class FwdIt,class T,class Pred>
FwdIt lower_bound(FwdIt first,FwdIt last,const T &val,Pred pr);

template<class FwdIt,class T>
FwdIt upper_bound(FwdIt first, FwdIt last,const T &val);
template<class FwdIt,class T,class Pred>
FwdIt upper_bound(FwdIt first,FwdIt last,const T &val,Pred pr);

template<class FwdIt,class T>
pair<FwdIt,FwdIt> equal_range(FwdIt first,FwdIt last,const T &val);
template<class FwdIt,class T,class Pred>
pair<FwdIt,FwdIt>equal_range(FwdIt fist,FwdIt last,const T &val,Pred pr);

template<class FwdIt,class T>
bool binary_search(FwdIt first ,FwdIt last, const T &val);
template<class FwdIt,class T,class Pred>
bool binary_search(FwdIt first,FwdIt last,const T &val,Pred pr);

示例:

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <list>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4};

	list<int> l1(a,a+10);
	cout << "org data a[] = ";
	copy(l1.begin(),l1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	bool bExist = binary_search(l1.begin(),l1.end(),5);
	cout << "have element 5 ? " << (bExist==0?"false" : "true") << endl;

	list<int>::iterator first2 = lower_bound(l1.begin(),l1.end(),2);
	if(first2 != l1.end())
	{
		cout <<  "the first element 2 appear : " << distance(l1.begin(),first2) << endl;
	}

	list<int>::iterator last3 = upper_bound(l1.begin(),l1.end(),3);
	if(last3 != l1.end())
	{
		cout << "the last element 3 appear : " << distance(l1.begin(),--last3) << endl;;
	}

	pair<list<int>::iterator,list<int>::iterator> p = equal_range(l1.begin(),l1.end(),4);
	if(p.first != l1.end())
	{
		int nSize = distance(p.first,p.second);
		cout << "Total have element 4 is : " << nSize <<endl;
	}

	return 0 ;
}


 

4,归并

 

merge() , inplace_merge()

template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt>
OutIt merge(Init1 first,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x);
template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt,class Pred>
OutIt merge(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x,Pred pr);

template<class BidIt>
void inplace_merge(BidIt first,BidIt middle,BidIt last)
template<class BidIt,class Pred>
void inplace_merge(BidIt first,BidIt middle,BidIt last, Pred pr);

示例:

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,3,5,7};
	int b[] = {2,4,6,8};
	int result[8];
	cout << "Org a[] = " << endl;
	copy(a,a+4,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;
	cout << "Org b[] = " << endl;
	copy(b,b+4,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	merge(a,a+4,b,b+4,result);
	cout << "After a[],b[] merge: " << endl;
	copy(result,result+8,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl << endl;

	int c[8] = {1,3,4,8,2,5,6,7};
	cout << "Org c[] = " << endl;
	copy(c,c+8,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;
	inplace_merge(c,c+4,c+8);
	cout << "After c[] inplace_merge : " << endl;
	copy(c,c+8,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}


 

5,有序结构上的集合操作:

 

includes(),  set_union(), set_intersection() , set_difference() , set_symmetric_difference() 

template<class Init1,class Init2>
bool includes(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2);
template<class Init1,class Init2,class Pred>
bool includes(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,Pred pr);

template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt>
OutIt set_union(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x);
tempalte<class Init2,class Init2 ,class OutIt,class Pred>
OutIt set_union(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x,Pred pr);

template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt>
OutIt set_intersection(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x)
template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt,class Pred>
OutIt set_intersection(Init1 first,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x,Pred pr);

template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt>
OutIt set_difference(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x);
template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt,class Pred>
OutIt set_difference(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x,Pred pr);

template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt>
OutIt set_symmetric_difference(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2,OutIt x);
template<class Init1,class Init2,class OutIt,class Pred>
OutIt set_symmetric_dirrerence(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first1,Init2 last2,OutIt x,Pred pr);

示例:

1,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
	int b[] = {1,2,3,6};

	list<int> l1(a,a+5);
	list<int> l2(b,b+4);

	cout << "org l1 = ";
	copy(l1.begin(),l1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;
	cout << "org l2 = ";
	copy(l2.begin(),l2.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	bool bRet = includes(l1.begin(),l1.end(),l2.begin(),l2.end());
	cout << "l1 include l2 ? " << (bRet == 1? "yes" : "no") << endl;
	list<int>l3;
	set_union(l1.begin(),l1.end(),l2.begin(),l2.end(),back_inserter(l3));
	cout << "l1 ²¢ l2 : " << endl;
	copy(l3.begin(),l3.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	list<int> l4;
	set_intersection(l1.begin(),l1.end(),l2.begin(),l2.end(),back_inserter(l4));
	cout << "l1 ½» l2 : " << endl;
	copy(l4.begin(),l4.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	list<int> l5;
	set_difference(l1.begin(),l1.end(),l2.begin(),l2.end(),back_inserter(l5));
	cout << "l1 ²î l2 : " << endl;
	copy(l5.begin(),l5.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	list<int> l6;
	set_symmetric_difference(l1.begin(),l1.end(),l2.begin(),l2.end(),back_inserter(l6));
	cout << "l1 ¶Ô³Æ²î l2 : " << endl;
	copy(l6.begin(),l6.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	list<int> l7;
	merge(l1.begin(),l1.end(),l2.begin(),l2.end(),back_inserter(l7));
	cout << "l1 merge l2 : " << endl;
	copy(l7.begin(),l7.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}


2,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

struct Student
{
	int NO;
	char name[20];
	bool operator < (Student &s)
	{
		return NO < s.NO;
	}
};

int main()
{
	bool bRet = true;

	Student s1[] = {{1001,"zhang"},{1003,"li"},{1004,"wang"},{1002,"zhao"}};
	Student s2[] = {{1001,"zhang"},{1004,"wang"},{1002,"zhao"}};

	sort(s1,s1+4);
	sort(s2,s2+3);
	bRet = includes(s1,s1+4,s2,s2+3);

	cout << (bRet == true ? "s1 include s2" : "s1 not includes s2") << endl;

	return 0;
}


3,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

struct Student
{
	int NO;
	string name;
	int chinese;
	int math;
public:
	bool operator< (const Student &s)
	{
		if(NO == s.NO)
		{
			math = s.math;
		}
		return NO < s.NO;
	}
};

int main()
{
	vector<Student> v1;
	vector<Student> v2;

	ifstream in1("1.txt");
	ifstream in2("2.txt");

	while(!in1.eof())
	{
		Student s;
		in1 >> s.NO >> s.name >> s.chinese;
		v1.push_back(s);
	}

	while(!in1.eof())
	{
		Student s;
		in2 >> s.NO >> s.name >> s.math;
		v2.push_back(s);
	}

	in1.close();
	in2.close();

	set_union(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),v1.begin());
	for(int i = 0 ; i < v1.size();i ++)
	{
		Student &s = v1.at(i);
		cout << s.NO << "\t" << s.name << "\t" << s.chinese << s.math << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}


 

 6,堆操作

 

make_heap() , pop_heap() , push_heap() , sort_heap() 

template<class RanIt>
void make_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last);
template<class RanIt ,class Pred>
void make_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last,Pred pr);

template<class RanIt>
void pop_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last);
template<class RanIt>
void pop_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last,Pred pr);

template<class RanIt>
void push_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last)
template<class RanIt,clas Pred>
void push_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last,Pred pr)

template<class RanIt>
void sort_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last);
template<class RanIt,class Pred>
void sort_heap(RanIt first,RanIt last,Pred pr);

 

 示例程序:

 

1,> 建最大堆,建最小堆,求堆中最大值和次大值

 

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,4,2,10,6,5,9,7,8,3};
	cout << "org a[] = ";
	copy(a,a+10,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	vector<int> v1(a,a+10);
	make_heap(v1.begin(),v1.end(),greater<int>());
	cout << "Min heap:" << endl;
	copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	vector<int> v2(a,a+10);
	make_heap(v2.begin(),v2.end(),less<int>());
	cout << "Max heap:" << endl;
	copy(v2.begin(),v2.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	pop_heap(v2.begin(),v2.end());
	cout << "Max value in heap : ";
	cout << *(v2.end()-1) << endl;
	pop_heap(v2.begin(),v2.end()-1);
	cout << "The second Max value in heap :";
	cout << *(v2.end()-2) << endl;

	return 0 ;
}


 

 

2,>   封装堆

 

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

template<class T,class Pred = less<T> >
class MyHeap
{
	Pred pr;
	vector<T> v;
	int ValidSize;
public:
	MyHeap(T t[],int nSize):v(t,t+nSize)
	{
		ValidSize = nSize;
		make_heap(v.begin(),v.begin()+ValidSize,pr);
	}

	void Insert(const T &t)
	{
		v.push_back(t);
		ValidSize ++;
		push_heap(v.begin(),v.begin()+ValidSize,pr);
	}

	bool Remove(T &result)
	{
		if(ValidSize == 0)
			return false;
		pop_heap(v.begin(),v.begin()+ValidSize,pr);
		result = *(v.begin()+ValidSize-1);
		ValidSize --;
		return true;
	}

	void Sort()
	{
		if(ValidSize > 0)
			sort_heap(v.begin(),v.end()+Validsize);
	}

	bool IsEmpty()
	{
		return ValidSize == 0;
	}

	void Display()
	{
		copy(v.begin(),v.begin()+ValidSize,ostream_iterator<T>(cout,"\t"));
	}
};

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,4,2,10,6};
	MyHeap<int,greater<int> >m(a,5);
	cout << "org heap:" << endl;
	m.Display();
	cout << endl;
	m.Insert(100);
	cout << "After insert heap : " << endl;
	m.Display();
	cout << endl;

	int result;
	m.Remove(result);
	cout << "Min value in heap : " << result << endl;
	m.Remove(result);
	cout << "The second Min value in heap : " << result << endl;

	return 0 ;
}


 

7,最大和最小:

 

min() , max() , min_element() , max_element() 

template<class T>
const T &  min(const T &x ,const T &y);
template<class T,class Pred>
const T & min(const T &x,const T &y,Pred pr);

template<class T>
const T & max(const T &x,const T &y);
template<class T,Pred pr>
const T & max(const T &x,const T &y,Pred pr);

template<class FwdIt>
FwdIt  min_element(FwdIt first,FwdIt last);
template<class FwdIt,class Pred>
FwdIt  min_element(FwdIt first, FwdIt last,Pred pr);

template<class FwdIt>
FwdIt max_element(FwdIt first,FwdIt last);
template<class FwdIt,class Pred>
FwdIt max_element(FwdIt first ,FwdIt last, Pred pr);

示例:

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a = _MIN(10,20);
	int b = _MAX(10,20);
	cout << "min(10,20) : " << a << endl;
	cout << "max(10,20) : " << b << endl;

	int c[] = {1,10,5,7,9};
	cout << "org c[] = ";
	copy(c,c+5,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	int  * it_min = min_element(c,c+5);
	int  * it_max = max_element(c,c+5);
	cout << "the min value in c[]: " << *it_min << endl;
	cout << "the max value in c[]: " << *it_max << endl;

	return 0;
}


 

8,词典比较

 

lexicographical_compare()

template<class InIt1,class InIt2>
bool lexicographical_compare(InIt1 first1,InIt1 last1,InIt2 first2, InIt2 last2);
template<class Init1,class Init2,class Pred>
bool lexicographical_compare(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,Init2 last2 , Pred pr);

示例:

1,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,2,3};
	int b[] = {1,2,2};

	bool bRet = lexicographical_compare(a,a+3,b,b+3);

	cout << (bRet == 1 ? "a[] < b[]" : "a[] > b[]") << endl;

	return 0;
}


 

2,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

bool mycompare(vector<int> &v1,vector<int> &v2)
{
	return lexicographical_compare(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end());
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,2,3};
	int b[] = {1,2,2};
	int c[] = {1,2,3,1};

	vector<int> v[3] = {vector<int>(a,a+3),vector<int>(b,b+3),vector<int>(c,c+4)};
	
	cout << "org 3 vector : " << endl;
	for(int i = 0 ;i < 3 ;i ++)
	{
		copy(v[i].begin(),v[i].end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
		cout << endl;
	}

	sort(v,v+3,mycompare);

	cout << "After sort(as lexicographical_compare) : " << endl;
	for(i = 0 ; i < 3 ;i ++)
	{
		copy(v[i].begin(),v[i].end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
		cout << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}


 

9,排列生成器:

 

next_permutation()  , prev_permutation()

template<class BidIt>
bool next_permutation(BidIt first,BidIt last);
template<class BidIt,class Pred>
bool next_permutation(BidIt first,BidIt last,Pred pr);

template<class BidIt>
bool prev_permutation(BidIt first,BidIt last);
tempalte<class BidIt,class Pred>
bool prev_permutation(BidIt first,BidIt last,Pred pr);


 示例:

1,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int A[] = {2,3,4,5,6,1};
	const int N = sizeof(A) / sizeof(int);

	cout << "Initialize: " ;
	copy(A,A+N,ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
	cout << endl;
	
	prev_permutation(A,A+N);
	cout << "After prev_permutation : ";
	copy(A,A+N,ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
	cout << endl;

	next_permutation(A,A+N);
	cout << "After next_permutation : ";
	copy(A,A+N,ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}

 

2,>  全排列:

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[]={0,0,1,1,3,2};
	sort(a,a+6);

	if(a[0] == 0)
	{
		int *it = upper_bound(a,a+6,0);
		swap(a[0],*it);
	}

	do
	{
		copy(a,a+6,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
		cout << endl;
	}while(next_permutation(a,a+6));

	return 0;
}

 

 

2,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a[]={0,0,1,1,3,2};
	sort(a,a+6);

	if(a[0] == 0)
	{
		int *it = upper_bound(a,a+6,0);
		swap(a[0],*it);
	}

	do
	{
		copy(a,a+6,ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
		cout << endl;
	}while(next_permutation(a,a+6));

	return 0;
}

 

 

10,数值算法

 

accumulate() ,  inner_product()  partial_sum() , adjacent_difference()

template<class Init,class T>
T accumulate(Init first,Init last,T init);
template<class Init,class T,class Pred>
T accumulate(Init first,Init last,T init,Pred pr);

template<class Init1,class Init2,class T>
T inner_product(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2,T val);
template<class Init1,class Init2,class T,class Pred1,class Pred2>
T inner_product(Init1 first1,Init1 last1,Init2 first2 ,T val,Pred1 pr1,Pred2 pr2);

template<class Init,class OutIt>
OutIt partial_sum(Init first,Init last,OutIt result);
template<class Init,class OutIt,class Pred>
OutIt partial_sum(Init first,Init last,OutIt result,Pred pr);

template<class Init,class OutIt>
OutIt adjacent_difference(Init first,Init last,OutIt result);
template<class Init,class OutIt,class Pred>
OutIt adjacent_difference(Init first,Init last,OutIt result);

 

示例:

1,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	vector<int> v(10);
	for(int i = 0 ;i < 10 ; i ++)
	{
		v[i] = i +1 ;
	}

	vector<int> mid(10);
	partial_sum(v.begin(),v.end(),mid.begin(),multiplies<int>());
	int sum = accumulate(mid.begin(),mid.end(),0);

	cout << "1+(1 X 2) + (1 X 2 X 3) + ... the first ten sum: " << sum << endl;

	return 0;
}

 

 

2,>

 

#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	vector<float> v(10);

	for(int i = 1;i <= 10 ;i++)
	{
		v.push_back((float)i/(i+1));
		cout << (float)i/(i+1) << "\t";
	}

	float sum = inner_product(v.begin(),v.end(),v.begin(),0.0f);
	cout << endl << sum << endl;

	return 0;
}


 

11,自定义STL风格:

 

1>函数参数一般是迭代指针,不要以数组形式传递

2>要从迭代指针参数获得迭代指针类型,这一点很重要

 

示例:

如果自定义泛型算法中要使用临时变量,一定要使用_Val_type函数,一定要用转换函数

 

template<class Ty> inline
Ty * _Val_type(const _Ty *)

_Ty * 一般来说表示一个迭代器指针下面例子中 _Val_type(first)  就会得到 _Ty * 等于int *,则Ty等于int

 

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>

using namespace std;

template<class Init1,class Init2>
void my_swap(Init1 first,Init1 last,Init2 first2)
{
	_my_swap(first,last,first2,_Val_type(first));
}

template<class init1,class init2,class T> inline
void _my_swap(init1 first,init1 last,init2 first2, T *)
{
	int n = 0 ;

	for(; first != last;first ++,first2 ++,n ++)
	{
	//	if(n % 2 == 0)
		{
			T tmp = *first;
			* first = * first2;
			*first2 = tmp;
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {1,3,5,7,9};
	int b[] = {2,4,6,8,10};

	vector<int> v(a,a+5);
	list<int> l(b,b+5);

	cout << "org v = ";
	copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;
	cout << "org l = ";
	copy(l.begin(),l.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	my_swap(v.begin(),v.end(),l.begin());

	cout << "After swap v =";
	copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;
	cout << "After swap l =";
	copy(l.begin(),l.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout,"\t"));
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}
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