Django-单元测试中mysql字符集报错(django.db.utils.OperationalError 1366)

本文介绍了在Django单元测试过程中遇到的mysql字符集错误(django.db.utils.OperationalError 1366)及其解决方案。错误的根本原因是MySQL默认字符集不支持中文。解决方法包括:1. 修改MySQL配置文件(如Windows下my.ini),将默认字符集改为utf8,并重启数据库;2. 更新Django项目的settings.py,为数据库测试配置指定CHARSET和COLLATION为utf8。

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今天在运行Django的单元测试时:

$ python manage.py test app_name --keepdb

【注:由于django在每次运行单元测试时,会临时新建一个数据库,测试完成后再删除,这样开销比较大,浪费时间。所以利用参数“--keepdb”,则测试完成后,不会删除测试数据库,下次运行时就不用新建测试数据库,节约时间】

 

报错:

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 363, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 355, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 29, in run_from_argv
    super(Command, self).run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 62, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 601, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases()
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 546, in setup_databases
    self.parallel, **kwargs
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/utils.py", line 187, in setup_databases
    serialize=connection.settings_dict.get('TEST', {}).get('SERIALIZE', True),
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 69, in create_test_db
    run_syncdb=True,
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 130, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 227, in handle
    self.verbosity, self.interactive, connection.alias, apps=post_migrate_apps, plan=plan,
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/sql.py", line 53, in emit_post_migrate_signal
    **kwargs
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py", line 193, in send
    for receiver in self._live_receivers(sender)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py", line 193, in <listcomp>
    for receiver in self._live_receivers(sender)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py", line 83, in create_permissions
    Permission.objects.using(using).bulk_create(perms)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 443, in bulk_create
    ids = self._batched_insert(objs_without_pk, fields, batch_size)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1099, in _batched_insert
    self._insert(item, fields=fields, using=self.db)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1076, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 1099, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 101, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 250, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 50, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 247, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 411, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 374, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
  File "/home/dzjx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 292, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: (1366, "Incorrect string value: '\\xE7\\x94\\xA8\\xE6\\x88\\xB7...' for column 'name' at row 1")

原因是mysql的默认字符集不支持中文,导致报错

分两步进行处理:

1、修改mysql的默认字符集为utf8

Windows——修改MySQL路径下的my.ini文件

[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
# 设置3306端口
port = 3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir= D:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\mysql-8.0.12-winx64
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir= D:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=20
# 服务端使用的字符集
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
# 修改密码规则
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

再重启数据库:可在服务中选择MySQL进行重启

 

Linux——可参考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/32243471

2、修改Django的settings.py,将数据库配置添加“TEST”的CHARSET 和 COLLATION 编码

    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'YOUR_DATABASE_NAME',
            'USER': 'YOUR_USER',
            'PASSWORD': 'YOUR_PASSWORD',
            'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
            'PORT': '',
            'TEST': {
                'CHARSET': 'utf8',
                'COLLATION': 'utf8_general_ci',
            }
        }
    }

 

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