Windows10：NEAR Rust智能合约开发环境搭建

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-22 03:19:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-22 03:19:51 发布

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分类专栏： NEAR 文章标签： rust 智能合约开发语言区块链

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lentel/article/details/125251755

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本文档详细介绍了在Windows操作系统中安装Rust编程语言，配置Cargo，安装near-cli，解决编译问题，以及安装JetBrains IDEA Rust插件的步骤。同时，还涵盖了如何创建和运行Rust项目，搭建NEAR测试链，部署和调用智能合约，以及处理网络访问限制的方法。特别地，提到了使用Infura作为RPC节点来绕过网络障碍。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

1、windows下载安装rust

Getting started - Rust Programming Language

https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/rustup-init.exe

下载rustup-init.exe，并安装。

2、把cargo的bin目录添加到系统path 中，默认这个文件夹路径为“C:\Users\用户名\.cargo\bin”

在cmd中输入rustc --version 和cargo --version，若正常返回版本信息，则安装成功

3、安装near-cli 工具包：

执行“npm install -g near-cli”命令

执行 “near --version”验证是否安装成功

参考文档：https://docs.near.org/zh-CN/docs/tools/near-cli

4、执行cargo hello命令创建一个项目，然后进入hello目录执行cargo run ，若报错

我的解决办法比较暴力，直接装了一个Visual Studio 2022 ，注意在安装的时候要把Visual C++ 选上。

Visual Studio 2022 下载地址：Visual Studio 2022 IDE - 适用于软件开发人员的编程工具

安装重启之后重新执行成功

参考文章：win10安装rust和编译失败的解决办法 - 走看看

5、Jetbrains Idea 安装 Rust 插件，具体参考下面文章

https://www.youkuaiyun.com/tags/OtDaYgxsMTIzMTctYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html

重新进入idea，新建rust项目，这次打开的时候Standard library 下面会有一个安装提示，直接点击安装就行，然后后面就会有一个目录路径了。

6、如果报错“No Cargo projects found!”，可以参考下面文章解决：

Rust编写Near智能合约_盐水煮毛豆的博客-优快云博客_rust 智能合约

或者使用“$ cargo init --lib 合约名称” 命令直接从命令行创建一个工程模板，再用鼠标右键再jetbrain idea 中打开即可。

7、编写完代码和测试案例之后，可以在改工程目录命令行中输入“cargo test -- --nocapture”，进行测试

输入以上格式内容，则表示成功。

编译合约

windows 下使用“set RUSTFLAGS=-C link-arg=-s”和“cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --release”命令编译

near测试链登录

near login

若报错以下内容，证明是windows cmd 没有翻墙

通过这种方式修改即可

环境：shadowsocks、windows
本地ss端口设置(这里1080)

cmd命令行:(不用socks5)(临时设置)(也可放置环境变量)
set HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:1080
set HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:1080


ps:一定要用cmd命令行，千万别用powershell !!!
简易测试命令：curl https://www.google.com（别用ping）


git config --global https.proxy http://127.0.0.1:1080
git config --global https.proxy https://127.0.0.1:1080

但是上面解决方案行不通，通过在开发群中咨询得知“官方的rpc被强了，命令行不会使用代理。可以在infura上面注册一个near的rpc节点然后使 --nodeUrl参数使用指定节点”

near login --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86

near create-account learn01.lentel.testnet --masterAccount lentel.testnet --initialBalance 100 --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86

near create-account learn02.lentel.testnet --masterAccount lentel.testnet --initialBalance 10 --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86

一开始尝试：near create-account near.learn01.lentel.testnet --masterAccount lentel.testnet --initialBalance 100 --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86

报错，估计是有可能是near.learn01.lentel.testnet 命名规则不对，去掉near. 就可以了

另外，在执行这个命令的时候，会从masterAccount 往新建账户自动转账 --initialBalance 后面对应数目的near ，如果master账户中near 不足，则会报错

Error: Sender lentel.testnet does not have enough balance 99.997684888406378 for operation costing 100.0000861846776875
    at Object.parseRpcError (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\utils\rpc_errors.js:24:19)
    at C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\providers\json-rpc-provider.js:319:44
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5)
    at async Object.exponentialBackoff [as default] (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\utils\exponential-backoff.js:7:24)
    at async JsonRpcProvider.sendJsonRpc (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\providers\json-rpc-provider.js:304:26)
    at async C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\account.js:121:24
    at async Object.exponentialBackoff [as default] (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\utils\exponential-backoff.js:7:24)
    at async Account.signAndSendTransactionV2 (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\account.js:117:24)
    at async LocalAccountCreator.createAccount (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\account_creator.js:24:9)
    at async Near.createAccount (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\near.js:69:9)
ServerError: Sender lentel.testnet does not have enough balance 99.997684888406378 for operation costing 100.0000861846776875
    at Object.parseRpcError (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\utils\rpc_errors.js:24:19)
    at C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\providers\json-rpc-provider.js:319:44
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5)
    at async Object.exponentialBackoff [as default] (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\utils\exponential-backoff.js:7:24)
    at async JsonRpcProvider.sendJsonRpc (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\providers\json-rpc-provider.js:304:26)
    at async C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\account.js:121:24
    at async Object.exponentialBackoff [as default] (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\utils\exponential-backoff.js:7:24)
    at async Account.signAndSendTransactionV2 (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\account.js:117:24)
    at async LocalAccountCreator.createAccount (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\account_creator.js:24:9)
    at async Near.createAccount (C:\Users\86185\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\near-cli\node_modules\near-api-js\lib\near.js:69:9) {
  type: 'NotEnoughBalance',
  context: ErrorContext {
    transactionHash: '4Ef9T7eFybaeYQfMJtNyZYJWV8mxHh4JDp2H9nQdDem3'
  },
  balance: '99997684888406378000000000',
  cost: '100000086184677687500000000',
  signer_id: 'lentel.testnet',
  kind: {
    balance: '99997684888406378000000000',
    cost: '100000086184677687500000000',
    signer_id: 'lentel.testnet'
  }
}

部署合约

near deploy --wasmFile target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/key_value_storage.wasm --accountId learn01.lentel.testnet --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86

Options:
      --help                     Show help  [boolean]
      --version                  Show version number  [boolean]
      --nodeUrl, --node_url      NEAR node URL  [string] [default: "https://rpc.testnet.near.org"]
      --networkId, --network_id  NEAR network ID, allows using different keys based on network  [string] [default: "testnet"]
      --helperUrl                NEAR contract helper URL  [string]
      --keyPath                  Path to master account key  [string]
      --accountId, --account_id  Unique identifier for the newly created account  [string] [required]
      --useLedgerKey             Use Ledger for signing with given HD key path  [string] [default: "44'/397'/0'/0'/1'"]
      --seedPhrase               Seed phrase mnemonic  [string]
      --seedPath                 HD path derivation  [string] [default: "m/44'/397'/0'"]
      --walletUrl                Website for NEAR Wallet  [string]
      --contractName             Account name of contract  [string]
      --masterAccount            Account used to create requested account.  [string] [required]
      --helperAccount            Expected top-level account for a network  [string]
  -v, --verbose                  Prints out verbose output  [boolean] [default: false]
  -f, --force                    Forcefully execute the desired action even if it is unsafe to do so  [boolean] [default: false]
      --publicKey                Public key to initialize the account with  [string]
      --newLedgerKey             HD key path to use with Ledger. Used to generate public key if not specified directly  [string] [default: "44'/397'/0'/0'/1'"]
      --initialBalance           Number of tokens to transfer to newly created account  [string] [default: "100"]

调用合约

–accountId 你的near 账户

1.创建键值对调用合约create_update方法

near call learn01.lentel.testnet create_update '{"k": "first_key", "v" : "1"}' --accountId learn01.lentel.testnet --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86

2.读取键值对调用read方法

near view learn01.lentel.testnet read '{"k": "song"}' --accountId learn01.lentel.testnet --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86

3.删除键值对调用delete方法

near call learn01.lentel.testnet delete '{"k": "first_key"}' --accountId learn01.lentel.testnet --nodeUrl https://near-testnet.infura.io/v3/7102961aa7c04b1c8dbfe6d456d3fc86