Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree

本文介绍了二叉树中查找最近公共祖先的两种算法解法,第一种方法对于深度过高的情况可能无法通过,第二种方法则能够解决所有情况。

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题目地址:点击打开链接

解法一:对于深度过高的case过不了。

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        if(root==NULL)return NULL;
        p1=p;
        p2=q;
        dfs(root,1);
        while(num1!=num2){
            if(num1>num2)num1=num1>>1;
            else num2=num2>>1;
        }
        ansNum=num1;
        getNode(root,1);
        return ansNode;
    }
private:
    int num1,num2,ansNum;
    TreeNode *p1,*p2,*ansNode;
    void dfs(TreeNode *root,int num){
        if(root){
            if(root==p1)num1=num;
            if(root==p2)num2=num;
            dfs(root->left,2*num);
            dfs(root->right,2*num+1);
        }
    }
    void getNode(TreeNode *root,int num){
        if(root){
            if(num==ansNum)ansNode=root;
            getNode(root->left,2*num);
            getNode(root->right,2*num+1);
        }
    }
};

解法二:全部能过。

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        ans=NULL;
        dfs(root,p,q);
        return ans;
    }
private:
    TreeNode *ans;
    TreeNode* dfs(TreeNode *root,TreeNode *p,TreeNode *q){
        if(root&&ans==NULL){
            TreeNode* p1=dfs(root->left,p,q);
            TreeNode* p2=dfs(root->right,p,q);
            bool x=false,y=false;
            if(root==p||p1==p||p2==p)x=true;
            if(root==q||p1==q||p2==q)y=true;
            if(x&&y){
                ans=root;
                return NULL;
            }
            if(x)return p;
            if(y)return q;
            return NULL;
        }
        return NULL;
    }
};



以下是C#中二叉树的lowest common ancestor的源代码: ```csharp using System; public class Node { public int value; public Node left; public Node right; public Node(int value) { this.value = value; this.left = null; this.right = null; } } public class BinaryTree { public Node root; public BinaryTree() { this.root = null; } public Node LowestCommonAncestor(Node node, int value1, int value2) { if (node == null) { return null; } if (node.value == value1 || node.value == value2) { return node; } Node left = LowestCommonAncestor(node.left, value1, value2); Node right = LowestCommonAncestor(node.right, value1, value2); if (left != null && right != null) { return node; } return (left != null) ? left : right; } } public class Program { public static void Main() { BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); tree.root = new Node(1); tree.root.left = new Node(2); tree.root.right = new Node(3); tree.root.left.left = new Node(4); tree.root.left.right = new Node(5); tree.root.right.left = new Node(6); tree.root.right.right = new Node(7); Node lca = tree.LowestCommonAncestor(tree.root, 4, 5); Console.WriteLine("Lowest Common Ancestor of 4 and 5: " + lca.value); lca = tree.LowestCommonAncestor(tree.root, 4, 6); Console.WriteLine("Lowest Common Ancestor of 4 and 6: " + lca.value); lca = tree.LowestCommonAncestor(tree.root, 3, 4); Console.WriteLine("Lowest Common Ancestor of 3 and 4: " + lca.value); lca = tree.LowestCommonAncestor(tree.root, 2, 4); Console.WriteLine("Lowest Common Ancestor of 2 and 4: " + lca.value); } } ``` 在上面的代码中,我们定义了一个Node类和一个BinaryTree类。我们使用BinaryTree类来创建二叉树,并实现了一个LowestCommonAncestor方法来计算二叉树中给定两个节点的最近公共祖先。 在LowestCommonAncestor方法中,我们首先检查给定节点是否为null或与给定值之一匹配。如果是,则返回该节点。否则,我们递归地在左子树和右子树上调用LowestCommonAncestor方法,并检查它们的返回值。如果左子树和右子树的返回值都不为null,则当前节点是它们的最近公共祖先。否则,我们返回非null的那个子树的返回值。 在Main方法中,我们创建了一个二叉树,并测试了LowestCommonAncestor方法的几个不同输入。
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