深入研究表单提交方式:GET/POST

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本文详细对比了GET与POST两种表单提交方式的区别，包括请求格式、数据大小限制及应用场景等关键信息。

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大家知道目前表单提交的方式有GET和POST。我在这里不多说什么，给大家看一个以GET方式提交的表单的请求：

GET /cgi-bin/tech/method.cgi?GET=GET HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */*
Referer: http://localhost//other.html
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: Keep-Alive

　　这个请求是我们通过这个HTML代码发出的：

　　这个请求已经超出了我们研究的范围，我们只研究其中的第一行。其中，第一个"GET"说出了提交的方式，是以GET方式提交的；中间的就是提交给服务器上哪个程序，前面一部分"/cgi-bin/tech/method.cgi"就是我们HTML的form中action的内容，而后面的"GET=GET"就是HTML的form中，input的内容：我们发现IE已经把这个表单的内容转换成特定格式了。在Perl中，通过$GET=$ENV{'QUERY_STRING'}获得以GET发送的数据。

　　我们再看一个以POST方式提交的表单的请求：

POST /cgi-bin/tech/method.cgi HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-
powerpoint, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */*
Referer: http://localhost//other.html
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
Host: localhost:8080
Content-Length: 9
Connection: Keep-Alive

POST=POST

　　同样给出HTML：

　　我们发现其中的数据跑到了最下面。在Perl中，通过read(STDIN,$POST,$ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'})获得以POST发送的数据。我记得GET发送数据最多只能1024字节，而POST好像很大很大！

　　思考：如果我有这么一段HTML代码，它将会出现什么问题呢？

　　这个代码在很多程序上可能用到过，但是大多数人不会好好的想一想，究竟哪些内容是以GET发送的，哪些内容是以POST发送的。我们看看它的请求是什么：

POST /cgi-bin/tech/method.cgi?GET=GET HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-
powerpoint, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */*
Referer: http://localhost//other.html
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
Host: localhost:8080
Content-Length: 9
Connection: Keep-Alive

POST=POST

　　哈！原来是以POST发送的。但是，你一定发现了有一部分数据放在了第一行，就是和GET的情况一样的。其实这个例子很典型，是POST和GET混发！

/***********************************************************************/

以上是在优快云技术中心看到的对POST/GET方式的简单分析，看过之后对表单的提交可以有一个较为清晰地理解，另外，我也对jigsaw中对http请求的处理过程进行了研究，通过截获http应答，清楚了解了http协议应答内容的格式，以下是对jigsaw欢迎页面请求的应答内容:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 19 Oct 2010 09:30:27 GMT
Content-Length: 3236
Content-Location: http://localhost:8001/Overview.html
Content-Type: text/html
Etag: "mvanct:157ptcu5v"
Last-Modified: Tue, 19 Oct 2010 09:30:27 GMT
Server: Jigsaw/2.2.6

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2 Strict//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style/jigsaw.css">
    </style>
    <TITLE>Jigsaw Overview</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
    <P>
      <A href="../"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="/icons/WWW/w3c_home"
    ALT="W3C" WIDTH="72" HEIGHT="48">
      </A><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="/icons/jigsaw" WIDTH="212" HEIGHT="49"
    ALT="Jigsaw">
    <H1 class="title">
      Jigsaw Overview
    </H1>
    <HR noshade width="70%" align="left">

    <P>
      This is your home page, served by <b>Jigsaw</b> !
    <p> You can edit it as the file
      <CODE><INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/Jigsaw/WWW/Overview.html</CODE>.
    <P>
      For further questions, comments, criticisms, a
      <A HREF="mailto:www-jigsaw@w3.org">mailing list</A> is
      available, to subscribe send email to <A
    HREF="mailto:www-jigsaw-request@w3.org">
    www-jigsaw-request@w3.org</A> with the word <I>subscribe</I>
      in the subject. Before posting, you're welcome to check the
      <A HREF="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-jigsaw/threads.html">
    mailing list archive</A>.
    <p>
    <H2>
      Configuring the server
    </H2>
    <P>
      As of 2.0.0, <B>Jigsaw</B>'s configuration is handled through
      a full-blown Java application named <B>JigAdmin</B>. To run that
      application, run the following commands:
      <DIV class="box">
      <PRE style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt">Windows
          set CLASSPATH=<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/jigsaw.jar;<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/jigadmin.jar;<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/sax.jar;<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/xp.jar;.
          java org.w3c.jigadmin.Main -root <INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/Jigsaw http://<I>yourmachine</I>:8009/

Unix
          export CLASSPATH=<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/jigsaw.jar:<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/jigadmin.jar:<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/sax.jar:<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/xp.jar:.
          java org.w3c.jigadmin.Main -root <INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/Jigsaw http://<I>yourmachine</I>:8009/</PRE></DIV>
    <p> If you still use the old JigAdmin with the
      following commands:
      <DIV class="box">
      <PRE style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt">Windows
          set CLASSPATH=<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/jigsaw.jar;<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/sax.jar;<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/xp.jar;.
          java org.w3c.jigadm.Main -root <INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/Jigsaw http://<I>yourmachine</I>:8009/

Unix
          export CLASSPATH=<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/jigsaw.jar:<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/sax.jar:<INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/classes/xp.jar
          java org.w3c.jigadm.Main -root <INSTDIR>/Jigsaw/Jigsaw http://<I>yourmachine</I>:8009/</PRE></DIV>
    <P>
    <H2>
      More Infos
    </H2>
    <UL>
      <LI>
    <A HREF="/Doc/">Jigsaw User's Guide</A>
      <LI>
    <A HREF="RelNotes.html">Latest Release Notes</A>
      <LI>
    <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/Jigsaw/">Jigsaw's home page
    </A>(remote)
      <LI>
    <A HREF="http://jigsaw.w3.org/">Demo site</A> (remote)
    </UL>
    <P>
    <HR noshade>
    Enjoy !<BR>
    <A HREF="mailto:jigsaw@w3.org">Jigsaw Team</A>
</BODY>
</HTML>