docker第一次实战记录（网易云课堂）

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这篇博客记录了一次基于网易云课堂的Docker实战过程，包括基础镜像构建、PHP中间件镜像与MySQL数据挂载，以及应用镜像的创建。在实践中，通过Dockerfile创建镜像，将MySQL数据挂载到本地，确保数据持久化，并尝试部署WordPress应用，但遇到连接MySQL失败的问题。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

本次实战是对着网易云课堂的免费课程操作记录。有兴趣的童鞋可以直接去看视频docker实战之路

简单demo

基础镜像
中间件镜像php
中间件镜像mysql
- 数据挂载
应用镜像

基础镜像

从码云克隆文件下来

git clone https://gitee.com/byleila/docker-training.git

使用现有的dockerfile创建一个镜像

语法：docker build -t registry_url/namespace/镜像名称：镜像版本 /dockerfile path

docker build -t csphere/centos:7.1 .

查看生成的docker镜像

# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
csphere/centos      7.1                 a21878377f20        21 seconds ago      612.9 MB
docker.io/centos    centos7.1.1503      fbe8925ecf55        12 weeks ago        212.1 MB

使用镜像生成容器

# docker help run

# docker run -d -p 2222:22 --name base csphere/centos:7.1
3a1459de687c89067a4b638ae7007538dfbc5f3590c04c7424c6ac4b4c1ded54

参数说明：

-d : 后台运行容器，返回容器id
-p : 设定指定端口映射
--name : 容器名称

最后指定使用的镜像REPOSITORY:TAG

查看启动的容器

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
3a1459de687c        csphere/centos:7.1   "/usr/bin/supervisord"   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   base
docker ps -a 查看所有容器

中间件镜像phpfrom

# docker build -t csphere/php-fpm:5.4 .

# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
csphere/centos      7.1                 a21878377f20        3 hours ago         612.9 MB
csphere/php-fpm     5.4                 a21878377f20        3 hours ago         612.9 MB

# docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name website csphere/php-fpm:5.4
f1a34ae0d90da8513c81b24298e8c22b60d557f11c2b2f56a0500f042a0aa01f
[root@localhost centos7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                          NAMES
f1a34ae0d90d        csphere/php-fpm:5.4   "/usr/bin/supervisord"   8 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds              22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   website
3a1459de687c        csphere/centos:7.1    "/usr/bin/supervisord"   50 minutes ago      Up 50 minutes             0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp           base

在浏览器中访问：http://ip:8080/info.php，可以查看到“
PHP Logo
PHP Version 5.4.16”的说明，说明php启动成功。

查看docker中的应用是否启动：

#进入容器
[root@localhost php-fpm]# docker exec -it website /bin/bash
[root@7c7382fed9a1 /]# supervisorctl 
nginx                            RUNNING   pid 7, uptime 0:45:57
php-fpm                          RUNNING   pid 8, uptime 0:45:57
supervisor> exit
#退出容器
[root@7c7382fed9a1 /]# exit
exit

中间件镜像mysql

//使用dockerfile创建镜像
[root@localhost mysql]# docker build -t csphere/mysql:5.5 .

//查找本地镜像
[root@localhost mysql]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
csphere/mysql       5.5                 47aeeae960f9        43 seconds ago      752.7 MB
csphere/php-fpm     5.4                 91e5881763e3        About an hour ago   709.9 MB
csphere/centos      7.1                 36354d5271a6        2 hours ago         612.9 MB

//指定容器端口映射与名称，启动mysql容器
[root@localhost mysql]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name dbserver csphere/mysql:5.5
d875f72a69d8470812fe870df83fcf1c413c5daaa4d1677c095f2fc979202371
//查看容器状态
[root@localhost mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
d875f72a69d8        csphere/mysql:5.5     "/scripts/start"         26 seconds ago      Up 21 seconds       22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp          dbserver
7c7382fed9a1        csphere/php-fpm:5.4   "/usr/bin/supervisord"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   website
8dab7c1789a6        csphere/centos:7.1    "/usr/bin/supervisord"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp                    base

//进入容器
[root@localhost mysql]# docker exec -it dbserver /bin/bash
//使用mysql
[root@d875f72a69d8 /]# mysql  
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.08 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@d875f72a69d8 /]# exit
exit

mysql数据挂载本地盘

删除原来创建的非挂载容器

//运行状态的docker容器需要-f强制删除
[root@localhost mysql]# docker rm dbserver
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container d875f72a69d8470812fe870df83fcf1c413c5daaa4d1677c095f2fc979202371. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@localhost mysql]# docker rm -f dbserver
dbserver
[root@localhost mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
7c7382fed9a1        csphere/php-fpm:5.4   "/usr/bin/supervisord"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   website
8dab7c1789a6        csphere/centos:7.1    "/usr/bin/supervisord"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp                    base

关联mysql文件到本地
由于我的系统是centos7，执行挂载-v参数后创建容器失败，解决方法在此：mysql挂载

[root@localhost mysql]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -v /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata:/var/lib/mysql --privileged=true --name dbserver csphere/mysql:5.5 
1f336bb3bcae2613b56a24d8bbcd881db1f445aa7b60ab3a2973e6385d9ac155
[root@localhost mysql]# 
[root@localhost mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
1f336bb3bcae        csphere/mysql:5.5     "/scripts/start"         9 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp          dbserver
7c7382fed9a1        csphere/php-fpm:5.4   "/usr/bin/supervisord"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   website
8dab7c1789a6        csphere/centos:7.1    "/usr/bin/supervisord"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours          0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp                    base

进入容器，新建数据库。查看挂载状态

[root@localhost mysql]# docker exec -it dbserver /bin/bash
[root@1f336bb3bcae /]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 
MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@1f336bb3bcae /]# exit           
exit
[root@localhost mysql]# ls /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata/
aria_log.00000001  aria_log_control  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mydb  mysql  mysql.sock  performance_schema  test

删除容器，查看本地文件依然存在

[root@localhost mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
1f336bb3bcae        csphere/mysql:5.5     "/scripts/start"         25 minutes ago      Up 25 minutes       22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp          dbserver
7c7382fed9a1        csphere/php-fpm:5.4   "/usr/bin/supervisord"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours          22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   website
8dab7c1789a6        csphere/centos:7.1    "/usr/bin/supervisord"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours          0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp                    base
[root@localhost mysql]# docker rm -f dbserver 
dbserver
[root@localhost mysql]# ls /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata/
aria_log.00000001  aria_log_control  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mydb  mysql  mysql.sock  performance_schema  test

新增容器，使用共享数据,发现之前的mydb依然存在

[root@localhost mysql]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true --name newdb  -v /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata:/var/lib/mysql csphere/mysql:5.5 
60572f948087f347ffeb9b8974dc90480f3f565755449766907515add23fde38
[root@localhost mysql]# 
[root@localhost mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
60572f948087        csphere/mysql:5.5     "/scripts/start"         8 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds        22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp          newdb
7c7382fed9a1        csphere/php-fpm:5.4   "/usr/bin/supervisord"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours          22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   website
8dab7c1789a6        csphere/centos:7.1    "/usr/bin/supervisord"   4 hours ago         Up 4 hours          0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp                    base
[root@localhost mysql]# docker exec -it newdb /bin/bash
[root@60572f948087 /]# ls /var/lib/mysql/
aria_log.00000001  aria_log_control  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  ibdata1  mydb  mysql  mysql.sock  performance_schema  test

应用镜像

#生成镜像
[root@localhost wordpress]# docker build -t csphere/wordpress:4.2 .
[root@localhost wordpress]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
csphere/wordpress   4.2                 8d6e719b8a8f        2 minutes ago       747.5 MB

#生成容器
[root@localhost wordpress]# docker run -it -p 80:80 --name wordpress -e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=192.168.20.106 -e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=admin -e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=csphere2015 csphere/wordpress:4.2

查看容器启动状态成功后，访问ip即可，应该出现wordpress应用安装界面

实际上最后一步生成容器失败，连接mysql失败，暂时未找到原因。错误信息如下：

[root@localhost docker-training]# docker run -it -p 80:80 --name wordpress -e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=192.168.20.106 -e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=admin -e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=csphere2015 csphere/wordpress:4.2
PHP Notice:  Undefined offset: 1 in - on line 4
PHP Warning:  mysqli::mysqli(): (HY000/2003): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.20.106' (113) in - on line 7

MySQL Connection Error: (2003) Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.20.106' (113)
PHP Warning:  mysqli::mysqli(): (HY000/2003): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.20.106' (113) in - on line 7

MySQL Connection Error: (2003) Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.20.106' (113)