IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [spring-mvc.xml];报错原因

配置spring mvc 时自定义文件名时要命名为 {servlet-name}-servlet.xml，并且配置<init-param>:

如命名为spring-servlet.xml，则

<servlet>
   <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value >classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
   </init-param>
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

否则会报错：

严重: Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [spring-mvc.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [spring-mvc.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:344)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)
 at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
 at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:613)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:514)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
 at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1183)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1099)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:989)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4913)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5223)
 at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:752)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:728)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1107)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1841)
 at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [spring-mvc.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
 at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:172)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:330)
 ... 32 more

SpringMVC-DispatcherServlet工作流程及web.xml配置

工作流程：

1. Web中，无非是请求和响应；
2. 在SpringMVC中，请求的第一站是DispatcherServlet，充当前端控制器角色；
3. DispatcherServlet会查询一个或多个处理器映射（handler mapping）并根据请求所携带的URL信息进行决策，将请求发送给哪个SpringMVC控制器（controller）；
4. 控制器做两件事：一是将数据打包，二是定义逻辑视图名，然后返回给DispatcherServlet；
5. DispatcherServlet通过视图解析器（view resolver）来将逻辑视图名匹配为一个特定的视图实现，它可能是也可能不是JSP；
6. 交付数据模型，以视图形式响应给客户，整个请求流程完成。

---

web.xml

1. <welcome-file-list>[欢迎页面，可定义多个，会依次查找可用视图]
2. <listener>
   1. <listener-class>基本配置包含Log4jConfigListener和ContextLoaderListener，且log4j监听器在前，目前已废除log4j监听器，原因还在努力追问
3. <context-param>指定上下文配置文件路径，基本配置包含log4j和Spring配置文件
   1. <param-name>指定上下文名称，一般为：名称+ConfigLocation后缀，如：contextConfigLocation，不可随意定义，否则指定的配置文件无法加载成功，实际上它是org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet中的一个成员变量，而FrameworkServlet是DispatcherServlet的父类，log4jConfigLocation目前不得而知
   2. <param-value>指定上下文路径，如：classpath:applicationContext.xml
4. <servlet>
   1. <servlet-name>Servlet名称，可以自定义，但是需要遵守规则:比如指定为Spring，那么最好在classpath路径中配置Spring-servlet.xml，否则需要在子元素<init-param>特别指出
      
   2. <servlet-class>因为要配置MVC，所以指定为：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
   3. <init-param>[定义容器启动时初始化的配置文件，作用主要是指定自定义配置文件的路径，貌似可以指定多个]
      1. <param-name>[contextConfigLocation，不可更改，原因见3.1]
         
      2. <param-value>[可以自定义，如：classpath:spring-servlet.xml，如果不定义，那么默认为：classpath:${servlet-name}-servlet.xml，见4.1]
      3. <load-on-startup>[定义为1，表示启动等级，参考文章]
5. <servlet-mapping>
   
   1. <servlet-name>与4.1保持一致
   2. <url-pattern>一般定义为“/”，表示所有请求都通过DispatcherServlet来处理
6. <filter>[以字符集为例]
   
   1. <filter-name>[自行指定]
   2. <filter-class>[org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter]
   3. <init-param>
      1. <param-name>[encoding，不可更改，它是CharacterEncodingFilter中定义的一个成员变量]
      2. <param-value>[UTF-8]
7. <filter-mapping>
   
   1. <filter-name>[与6.1保持一致]
   2. <url-pattern>[/*表示所有请求都经过此过滤器过滤]

---

示例：

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <web-app version="3.0" 
 3     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
 4     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
 6     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
 7   <display-name></display-name>    
 8   <welcome-file-list>
 9     <welcome-file>/WEB-INF/views/home.jsp</welcome-file>
10   </welcome-file-list>
11 <!-- 加载指定位置的上下文配置文件 -->
12   <context-param>
13       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
14       <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
15   </context-param>
16     <context-param>   
17    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>   
18    <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>   
19 </context-param>
20   <!-- 定义LOG4J监听器 -->
21 <listener>   
22    <listener-class>   
23         org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener   
24    </listener-class>   
25 </listener> 
26 <listener>   
27      <listener-class>   
28           org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener   
29      </listener-class>   
30 </listener>
31 <servlet>
32       <servlet-name>Spring</servlet-name>
33       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
34       <!-- 表示启动容器时初始化该servlet -->
35       <init-param>
36           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
37           <param-value>classpath:Spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
38       </init-param>
39       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
40       </servlet>
41       <servlet-mapping>
42           <servlet-name>Spring</servlet-name>
43           <!-- 表示哪些请求需要交给Spring Web MVC处理，/是用来定义默认servlet映射的。也可以如“*.html”表示拦截所有以html为扩展名的请求 -->
44           <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
45       </servlet-mapping>
46     <!-- 使用spring解决中文乱码 -->
47         <filter>
48         <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
49         <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
50         <init-param>
51             <param-name>encoding</param-name>
52             <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
53         </init-param>
54       </filter>
55       
56       <filter-mapping>
57         <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
58         <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
59       </filter-mapping>
60 </web-app>