利用opencv绘制图形

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-14 13:18:24 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-07-14 13:18:24 发布 · 891 阅读

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本文介绍了如何使用OpenCV库进行图形绘制，包括绘制椭圆、填充圆、多边形和线段。通过示例代码详细展示了每个图形的绘制方法，帮助读者掌握OpenCV的图形绘制功能。

1.代码

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】----------------------------
// 描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace cv;

//此程序对于OpenCV3版需要额外包含头文件：
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】" //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】" //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

//--------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】-------------------------------------
// 描述：全局函数声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle);//绘制椭圆
void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center);//绘制圆
void DrawPolygon(Mat img);//绘制多边形
void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end);//绘制线段

void ShowHelpText()
{
}

//---------------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------
// 描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(void)
{

// 创建空白的Mat图像
Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);
Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);

ShowHelpText();

//【1.1】先绘制出椭圆
DrawEllipse(atomImage, 90);
DrawEllipse(atomImage, 0);
DrawEllipse(atomImage, 45);
DrawEllipse(atomImage, -45);

//【1.2】再绘制圆心
DrawFilledCircle(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2));

// ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------------------
//【2.1】先绘制出椭圆
DrawPolygon(rookImage);

// 【2.2】绘制矩形
rectangle(rookImage,
  Point(0, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
  Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
  Scalar(0, 255, 255),
  -1,
  8);

// 【2.3】绘制一些线段
DrawLine(rookImage, Point(0, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16));
DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));
DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH));
DrawLine(rookImage, Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));

// ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像------------------------
imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage);
moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200);
imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage);
moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200);

waitKey(0);
return(0);
}

//-------------------------------【DrawEllipse( )函数】--------------------------------
// 描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了绘制不同角度、相同尺寸的椭圆
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle)
{
int thickness = 2;
int lineType = 8;

ellipse(img,
  Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2),
  Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),
  angle,
  0,
  360,
  Scalar(255, 129, 0),
  thickness,
  lineType);
}

//-----------------------------------【DrawFilledCircle( )函数】---------------------------
// 描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了实心圆的绘制
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center)
{
int thickness = -1;
int lineType = 8;

circle(img,
  center,
  WINDOW_WIDTH / 32,
  Scalar(0, 0, 255),
  thickness,
  lineType);
}

//-----------------------------------【DrawPolygon( )函数】--------------------------
// 描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了凹多边形的绘制
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawPolygon(Mat img)
{
int lineType = 8;

//创建一些点
Point rookPoints[1][20];
rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][15] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][16] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
rookPoints[0][19] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);

const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
int npt[] = { 20 };

fillPoly(img,
  ppt,
  npt,
  1,
  Scalar(255, 255, 255),
  lineType);
}

//-----------------------------------【DrawLine( )函数】--------------------------
//  描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了线的绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end)
{
int thickness = 2;
int lineType = 8;
line(img,
  start,
  end,
  Scalar(0, 0, 0),
  thickness,
  lineType);
}