Cursors Be Gone!

Cursors Be Gone!

By Gaby Abed, 2008/12/24

 

I decided to make an attempt at a first article to help folks wean themselves off using cursors. It is quite easy to alter your code to use traditional loops and avoid the overhead of using cursors. For this example, the performance difference would be minimal but on cursors that work on massive tables, the overhead of a cursor definitely gets in the way and a conversion to more conventional while loops would be better.

Here is a simple example of a cursor that does a dbcc checkdb on each database (I know sp_msforeachdb would work as well, but this is mainly proof of concept).

declare @query varchar(100), @dbname sysname

declare BadCursor Cursor for
  select name from sys.databases
  where name not in ('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb')

open BadCursor
fetch next from BadCursor into @dbname
while @@fetch_status = 0
begin
 select @query = 'dbcc checkdb(' + quotename(@dbname) + ')'
 exec(@query)
 fetch next from BadCursor into @dbname
end
close BadCursor
deallocate BadCursor
go

To somehow get past the fetch next feature of a cursor, you will need to make a table. As this is an example with a small amount of rows, I will use the table variable @dblist, but for larger conversions, #temp tables would work just as well:

declare @query varchar(100),
@dbname sysname
declare @dblist table (dbname sysname)

insert into @dblist(dbname) select name from sys.databases
where name not in ('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb')

while (select count(*) from @dblist) > 0
begin
select top 1 @dbname = dbname from @dblist
select @query = 'dbcc checkdb(' + quotename(@dbname) + ')'
exec(@query)
delete from @dblist where dbname = @dbname
end
go

When compared side by side when displaying the estimated execution plan, the Cursor based query was 69% compared to the 31% of the more conventional loop. So at least for this example, the cursor takes at least twice as long as the reguler while loop.

As you can see in the image below, while the actual allocation/deallocation of the cursor doesn't have much of an impact, the inefficient way the query is executed is what causes this to be slow. Imagine scaling the cursor to tables with millions of rows.

 

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I hope this helps everyone realize the cost of doing business with cursors. While I readily admit the fetch next feature of cursors is attractive, don't be distracted by the dazzle and realize there is always a better alternative to using them.

Good luck folks.