一,操作对象
package IO2;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class ObjectStreamDemo {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception{
//writeObj();
readObj();
}
public static void readObj() throws Exception {
ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("obj.txt"));
Person p=(Person)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(p);
ois.close();
}
public static void writeObj() throws Exception {
ObjectOutputStream oos=new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("obj.txt"));
oos.writeObject(new Person("lisi",339,"kr"));
oos.close();
}
}
package IO2;
import java.io.Serializable;
//序列化已实现对象的持久化
public class Person implements Serializable{
private String name;
transient int age; //此属性不会被序列化
static String country="cn"; //静态也不能被序列化
public Person(String name, int age, String country) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.country=country;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return name+":"+age+":"+country;
}
}
二,IO包中的其他类
1,管道流:
package IO2;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
public class PipedStreamDemo {
/**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
PipedInputStream in=new PipedInputStream();
PipedOutputStream out= new PipedOutputStream();
in.connect(out);
Read r=new Read(in);
Write w=new Write(out);
new Thread(r).start();
new Thread(w).start();
}
}
class Read implements Runnable
{
private PipedInputStream in;
Read( PipedInputStream in)
{
this.in=in;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
byte[]buf=new byte[1024];
System.out.println("读取前,没有数据,阻塞");
int len= in.read(buf);
System.out.println("读到数据,阻塞结束");
String s=new String(buf,0,len);
System.out.println(s);
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Write implements Runnable
{
private PipedOutputStream out;
Write( PipedOutputStream out)
{
this.out=out;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("开始写入数据,等待5秒后");
Thread.sleep(5000);
out.write("piped come ".getBytes());
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2,RandomAccessFile
该类不算是IO体系的子类,二是直接继承自Object。
但是他是IO包中成员,因为它具备读和写功能。内部封装了一个数组,而且通过指针对数组的元素进行操作。可以通过getFilePointer获取指针位置,同事可以根据seek改变指针位置。
其实完成读写的原理就是内部封装了字节输入流和输出流
从构造函数可以看出,该类只能操作文件。
而且操作文件还有模式。只读 r, 读写 rw 等,
如果模式为只读r,不会创建文件,回去读取一个已存在的文件,如果不存在,则会出现异常。
如果模式为rw,操作的文件不存在会自动创建,如果 存在则不会覆盖。
package IO2;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
public class RandomAccessFileDemo {
/**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//writeFile();
readFile();
}
public static void writeFile() throws IOException
{
RandomAccessFile raf=new RandomAccessFile("ran.txt", "rw");
raf.write("李四".getBytes());
raf.writeInt(97);
raf.write("王五".getBytes());
raf.writeInt(99);
raf.close();
}
public static void readFile() throws IOException
{
//r: 只读
RandomAccessFile raf=new RandomAccessFile("ran.txt","r");
//调整对象中的指针
raf.seek(8*1);
//跳过指定的字节数
//raf.skipBytes(8);
byte[] buf=new byte[4];
raf.read(buf);
String name=new String (buf);
int age=raf.readInt(); //一次读4个字节
System.out.println("name="+name);
System.out.println("age="+age);
raf.close();
}
}
3,操作基本数据类型的流对象
DataInputStream 与DataOutputStream
可以用于操作基本数据类型的流对象
package IO2;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
public class DataStreamDemo {
/*
*
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
readdata();
//writedata();
}
public static void writedata() throws Exception {
DataOutputStream dos=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.txt"));
//写入13个字节
dos.writeInt(234);
dos.writeBoolean(true);
dos.writeDouble(2343.234);
dos.close();
}
public static void readdata() throws Exception {
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.txt"));
int num=dis.readInt();
boolean b=dis.readBoolean();
double d=dis.readDouble();
System.out.print(num+","+b+","+d);
dis.close();
}
}
4,操作字节数组的流对象
ByteArrayInputStream: 在构造的时候,需要接受数据源,而且数据源是一个字节数组
ByteArrayOutputStream: 在构造的时候不用定义数据目的,因为该对象中已经封装了可变长度的字节数组,这就是数据目的。
因为这2个流对象都操作数组,并没有使用系统资源,所以不用进行close关闭。
在写流操作规律时,
源设备:
键盘:System.in 硬盘: FileStream 内存 ArrayStream
目的设备:
控制台:System.out 硬盘 FileStream 内存 ArrayStream
用流的读写思想来操作数组
package IO2;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
public class ByteArrayStream {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
ByteArrayInputStream bis=new ByteArrayInputStream("DFSDFSF".getBytes());
ByteArrayOutputStream bos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//System.out.println(bos.size());
int by=0;
while((by=bis.read())!=-1)
{
bos.write(by);
}
System.out.println(bos.toString());
//bos.writeTo(new FileOutputStream("a.txt"));
}
}
三,编码
1,转换流的编码
package IO2;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public class EncodeStream {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//writeText();
readText();
}
public static void writeText() throws IOException {
OutputStreamWriter osw=new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("utf.txt"),"UTF-8");
osw.write("你好");
osw.close();
}
public static void readText() throws IOException {
InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("utf.txt"),"GBK");
char[] buf=new char[10];
int len=isr.read(buf);
String str=new String(buf,0,len);
System.out.println(str);
isr.close();
}
}
结果:
2,字符编码
编码:字符串变成字节数组
解码:字节数组变成字符串
String-->byte[ ];str.getBytes(charsetName)
byte[ ]-->String; new String(byte[], charsetname))
package IO2;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class EncodeDemo {
/**
* @param args
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String s="你好";
byte[] b1=s.getBytes("utf-8");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b1));
String s1=new String(b1,"gbk");
System.out.println("s1="+s1);
}
}
package IO2;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class EncodeDemo {
/**
* @param args
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String s="你好";
byte[] b1=s.getBytes("GBK");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b1));
String s1=new String(b1,"ISO8859-1");
System.out.println("s1="+s1);
//对s1 进行iso8859-1编码
byte[]b2=s1.getBytes("ISO8859-1");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b2));
//再解码
String s2=new String(b2,"GBK");
System.out.println("s2="+s2);
}
}
值得注意的是,在GBK 和 UTF-8 转换的时候因为都能识别中文所以会出现问题。
package IO2;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class EncodeDemo {
/**
* @param args
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String s="联通";
byte[] by=s.getBytes("gbk");
for(byte b :by)
{
System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(b&255));
}
//联通2进制形式跟U-8编码规律一致,所以记事本会查U-8编码表解,这是个非常特殊的词语
}
}
练习:有5个学生,每个学生有3门课的成绩,从键盘输入以上数据(包括姓名,三门课成绩),输入的格式:如:zhangsan,60,70,80计算出总成绩,
并把学生的信息和计算出的总分数高低顺序存放在磁盘文件“stud.txt”中
1,描述学生对象
2,定义一个可以操作学生对象的工具类
思想:
1,通过获取键盘录入一行数据,并将该行中信息取出封装成学生对象。
2,因为学生有很多,那么就需要存储,使用到集合。因为要对学生的总分排序。
3,将集合的信息写入到一个文件中。
package IO2;
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
private String name;
private int ma, cn, en;
private int sum;
public Student(String name, int ma, int cn, int en) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.ma = ma;
this.cn = cn;
this.en = en;
sum = ma + cn + en;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getMa() {
return ma;
}
public void setMa(int ma) {
this.ma = ma;
}
public int getCn() {
return cn;
}
public void setCn(int cn) {
this.cn = cn;
}
public int getEn() {
return en;
}
public void setEn(int en) {
this.en = en;
}
public int getSum() {
return sum;
}
public void setSum(int sum) {
this.sum = sum;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student s) {
int num = new Integer(this.sum).compareTo(new Integer(s.sum));
if (num == 0) {
return this.name.compareTo(s.name);
}
return num;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return name.hashCode() + sum * 78;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (!(obj instanceof Student))
throw new ClassCastException("类型不匹配");
Student s = (Student) obj;
return this.name.equals(s.name) && this.sum == s.sum;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [name=" + name + ", ma=" + ma + ", cn=" + cn + ", en="
+ en + "]";
}
}
package IO2;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
public class StudentInfoTool {
public static Set<Student>getSutends() throws NumberFormatException, IOException
{
return getSutends(null);
}
public static Set<Student>getSutends(Comparator<Student> cmp) throws NumberFormatException, IOException
{
BufferedReader bufr=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String line=null;
Set<Student>stus=null;
if(cmp==null)
stus=new TreeSet<Student>();
else
stus=new TreeSet<Student>(cmp);
while((line=bufr.readLine())!=null)
{
if("over".equals(line))
break;
String[]info=line.split(",");
Student stu=new Student(info[0], Integer.parseInt(info[1]),
Integer.parseInt(info[2]), Integer.parseInt(info[3]));
stus.add(stu);
}
bufr.close();
return stus;
}
public static void writefile(Set<Student> stus) throws IOException
{
BufferedWriter bfw=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("stu.txt"));
for(Student s:stus)
{
bfw.write(s.toString()+"\t");
bfw.write(s.getSum()+"");
bfw.newLine();
bfw.flush();
}
bfw.close();
}
}
package IO2;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Set;
public class StudentInfoTest {
/**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
* @throws NumberFormatException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws NumberFormatException, IOException {
Comparator<Student> cmp=Collections.reverseOrder();
Set<Student> stus=StudentInfoTool.getSutends(cmp);
StudentInfoTool.writefile(stus);
}
}