在Java中如何通过反射找到一个变量,这个变量的类型是指定的类型

本文详细介绍了Java反射API的使用方法,包括查找字段、方法、构造器,设置和获取字段值,以及处理反射异常等常见操作。适用于Java开发人员深入理解反射机制。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

1. 说明以下的代码是我从Spring中抓出来的,然后加了一些我认为对自己有用的方法。

2. 直接上代码,看不懂的请留言。

3. 如何解决标题中提到的问题呢?请查找findAllField方法。

ReflectionUtils.java

package test.util;

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2013 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import org.eclipse.core.runtime.Assert;

/**
 * Simple utility class for working with the reflection API and handling
 * reflection exceptions.
 *
 * <p>Only intended for internal use.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Rob Harrop
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Costin Leau
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @author Roy Clarkson
 * @author jialiang
 * @since 1.1
 */
public abstract class ReflectionUtils {

	/**
	 * Attempt to find a {@link Field field} on the supplied {@link Class} with the
	 * supplied <code>name</code>. Searches all superclasses up to {@link Object}.
	 * @param clazz the class to introspect
	 * @param name the name of the field
	 * @return the corresponding Field object, or <code>null</code> if not found
	 */
	public static Field findField(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
		return findField(clazz, name, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Attempt to find a {@link Field field} on the supplied {@link Class} with the
	 * supplied <code>name</code> and/or {@link Class type}. Searches all superclasses
	 * up to {@link Object}.
	 * @param clazz the class to introspect
	 * @param name the name of the field (may be <code>null</code> if type is specified)
	 * @param type the type of the field (may be <code>null</code> if name is specified)
	 * @return the corresponding Field object, or <code>null</code> if not found
	 */
	public static Field findField(Class<?> clazz, String name, Class<?> type) {
		Assert.isNotNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
		Assert.isTrue(name != null || type != null, "Either name or type of the field must be specified");
		Class<?> searchType = clazz;
		while (!Object.class.equals(searchType) && searchType != null) {
			Field[] fields = searchType.getDeclaredFields();
			for (Field field : fields) {
				if ((name == null || name.equals(field.getName())) && (type == null || type.equals(field.getType()))) {
					return field;
				}
			}
			searchType = searchType.getSuperclass();
		}
		return null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Attempt to find a {@link Field field} on the supplied {@link Class} with the
	 * supplied <code>name</code> and/or {@link Class type}. Searches all superclasses
	 * up to {@link Object}.
	 * @param clazz the class to introspect
	 * @param name the name of the field (may be <code>null</code> if type is specified)
	 * @param type the type of the field, must not be <code>null</code>
	 * @return the corresponding Field object, or <code>null</code> if not found
	 */
	public static List<Field> findAllField(Class<?> clazz, String name, Class<?> type) {		
		Assert.isNotNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
		Assert.isNotNull(type, "The type of filed must not be null");
		
		List<Field> list = new ArrayList<Field>();
		Class<?> searchType = clazz;
		
		while (!Object.class.equals(searchType) && searchType != null) {
			Field[] fields = searchType.getDeclaredFields();
			for (Field field : fields) {
				if ((name == null || name.equals(field.getName())) && type.equals(field.getType())) {
					list.add(field);
				}
			}
			searchType = searchType.getSuperclass();
		}
		return list;
	}
	
	public static List<Field> findAllField(Class<?> clazz, Class<?> type) {		
		return findAllField(clazz, null, type);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the field represented by the supplied {@link Field field object} on the
	 * specified {@link Object target object} to the specified <code>value</code>.
	 * In accordance with {@link Field#set(Object, Object)} semantics, the new value
	 * is automatically unwrapped if the underlying field has a primitive type.
	 * <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException(Exception)}.
	 * @param field the field to set
	 * @param target the target object on which to set the field
	 * @param value the value to set; may be <code>null</code>
	 */
	public static void setField(Field field, Object target, Object value) {
		try {
			field.set(target, value);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
			handleReflectionException(ex);
			throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected reflection exception - " + ex.getClass().getName() + ": "
					+ ex.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the field represented by the supplied {@link Field field object} on the
	 * specified {@link Object target object}. In accordance with {@link Field#get(Object)}
	 * semantics, the returned value is automatically wrapped if the underlying field
	 * has a primitive type.
	 * <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException(Exception)}.
	 * @param field the field to get
	 * @param target the target object from which to get the field
	 * @return the field's current value
	 */
	public static Object getField(Field field, Object target) {
		try {
			field.setAccessible(true);
			return field.get(target);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
			handleReflectionException(ex);
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Unexpected reflection exception - " + ex.getClass().getName() + ": " + ex.getMessage());
		}
	}
	
	public static Object getField(String fieldName, Object target) {
		Field field = findField(target.getClass(), fieldName);
		if(field == null) {
			return null;
		}
		
		try {
			field.setAccessible(true);
			return field.get(target);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
			handleReflectionException(ex);
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Unexpected reflection exception - " + ex.getClass().getName() + ": " + ex.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Attempt to find a {@link Method} on the supplied class with the supplied name
	 * and no parameters. Searches all superclasses up to <code>Object</code>.
	 * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if no {@link Method} can be found.
	 * @param clazz the class to introspect
	 * @param name the name of the method
	 * @return the Method object, or <code>null</code> if none found
	 */
	public static Method findMethod(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
		return findMethod(clazz, name, new Class[0]);
	}
	
	public static Object invokeMethod(Object target, String name) {
		Assert.isNotNull(target, "target must not be null");
		Assert.isNotNull(name, "Method name must not be null");
		
		Method m = findMethod(target.getClass(), name);
		if(m == null) {
			return null;
		}
		
		makeAccessible(m);
		
		return invokeMethod(m, target);
	}
	
	public static Object invokeMethod(Object target, String name,  Object... args) {
		Assert.isNotNull(target, "target must not be null");
		Assert.isNotNull(name, "Method name must not be null");
		
		Method m = findMethod(target.getClass(), name);
		if(m == null) {
			return null;
		}
		
		return invokeMethod(m, target, args);
	}

	/**
	 * Attempt to find a {@link Method} on the supplied class with the supplied name
	 * and parameter types. Searches all superclasses up to <code>Object</code>.
	 * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if no {@link Method} can be found.
	 * @param clazz the class to introspect
	 * @param name the name of the method
	 * @param paramTypes the parameter types of the method
	 * (may be <code>null</code> to indicate any signature)
	 * @return the Method object, or <code>null</code> if none found
	 */
	public static Method findMethod(Class<?> clazz, String name, Class<?>... paramTypes) {
		Assert.isNotNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
		Assert.isNotNull(name, "Method name must not be null");
		Class<?> searchType = clazz;
		while (searchType != null) {
			Method[] methods = (searchType.isInterface() ? searchType.getMethods() : searchType.getDeclaredMethods());
			for (Method method : methods) {
				if (name.equals(method.getName())
						&& (paramTypes == null || Arrays.equals(paramTypes, method.getParameterTypes()))) {
					return method;
				}
			}
			searchType = searchType.getSuperclass();
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the specified {@link Method} against the supplied target object with no arguments.
	 * The target object can be <code>null</code> when invoking a static {@link Method}.
	 * <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException}.
	 * @param method the method to invoke
	 * @param target the target object to invoke the method on
	 * @return the invocation result, if any
	 * @see #invokeMethod(java.lang.reflect.Method, Object, Object[])
	 */
	public static Object invokeMethod(Method method, Object target) {
		return invokeMethod(method, target, new Object[0]);
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the specified {@link Method} against the supplied target object with the
	 * supplied arguments. The target object can be <code>null</code> when invoking a
	 * static {@link Method}.
	 * <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException}.
	 * @param method the method to invoke
	 * @param target the target object to invoke the method on
	 * @param args the invocation arguments (may be <code>null</code>)
	 * @return the invocation result, if any
	 */
	public static Object invokeMethod(Method method, Object target, Object... args) {
		try {
			return method.invoke(target, args);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			handleReflectionException(ex);
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here");
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the specified JDBC API {@link Method} against the supplied target
	 * object with no arguments.
	 * @param method the method to invoke
	 * @param target the target object to invoke the method on
	 * @return the invocation result, if any
	 * @throws SQLException the JDBC API SQLException to rethrow (if any)
	 * @see #invokeJdbcMethod(java.lang.reflect.Method, Object, Object[])
	 */
	public static Object invokeJdbcMethod(Method method, Object target) throws SQLException {
		return invokeJdbcMethod(method, target, new Object[0]);
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the specified JDBC API {@link Method} against the supplied target
	 * object with the supplied arguments.
	 * @param method the method to invoke
	 * @param target the target object to invoke the method on
	 * @param args the invocation arguments (may be <code>null</code>)
	 * @return the invocation result, if any
	 * @throws SQLException the JDBC API SQLException to rethrow (if any)
	 * @see #invokeMethod(java.lang.reflect.Method, Object, Object[])
	 */
	public static Object invokeJdbcMethod(Method method, Object target, Object... args) throws SQLException {
		try {
			return method.invoke(target, args);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
			handleReflectionException(ex);
		}
		catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
			if (ex.getTargetException() instanceof SQLException) {
				throw (SQLException) ex.getTargetException();
			}
			handleInvocationTargetException(ex);
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here");
	}

	/**
	 * Handle the given reflection exception. Should only be called if no
	 * checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.
	 * <p>Throws the underlying RuntimeException or Error in case of an
	 * InvocationTargetException with such a root cause. Throws an
	 * IllegalStateException with an appropriate message else.
	 * @param ex the reflection exception to handle
	 */
	public static void handleReflectionException(Exception ex) {
		if (ex instanceof NoSuchMethodException) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Method not found: " + ex.getMessage());
		}
		if (ex instanceof IllegalAccessException) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Could not access method: " + ex.getMessage());
		}
		if (ex instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
			handleInvocationTargetException((InvocationTargetException) ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
			throw (RuntimeException) ex;
		}
		throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(ex);
	}

	/**
	 * Handle the given invocation target exception. Should only be called if no
	 * checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.
	 * <p>Throws the underlying RuntimeException or Error in case of such a root
	 * cause. Throws an IllegalStateException else.
	 * @param ex the invocation target exception to handle
	 */
	public static void handleInvocationTargetException(InvocationTargetException ex) {
		rethrowRuntimeException(ex.getTargetException());
	}

	/**
	 * Rethrow the given {@link Throwable exception}, which is presumably the
	 * <em>target exception</em> of an {@link InvocationTargetException}. Should
	 * only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the
	 * target method.
	 * <p>Rethrows the underlying exception cast to an {@link RuntimeException} or
	 * {@link Error} if appropriate; otherwise, throws an
	 * {@link IllegalStateException}.
	 * @param ex the exception to rethrow
	 * @throws RuntimeException the rethrown exception
	 */
	public static void rethrowRuntimeException(Throwable ex) {
		if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
			throw (RuntimeException) ex;
		}
		if (ex instanceof Error) {
			throw (Error) ex;
		}
		throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(ex);
	}

	/**
	 * Rethrow the given {@link Throwable exception}, which is presumably the
	 * <em>target exception</em> of an {@link InvocationTargetException}. Should
	 * only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the
	 * target method.
	 * <p>Rethrows the underlying exception cast to an {@link Exception} or
	 * {@link Error} if appropriate; otherwise, throws an
	 * {@link IllegalStateException}.
	 * @param ex the exception to rethrow
	 * @throws Exception the rethrown exception (in case of a checked exception)
	 */
	public static void rethrowException(Throwable ex) throws Exception {
		if (ex instanceof Exception) {
			throw (Exception) ex;
		}
		if (ex instanceof Error) {
			throw (Error) ex;
		}
		throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(ex);
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given method explicitly declares the given
	 * exception or one of its superclasses, which means that an exception of
	 * that type can be propagated as-is within a reflective invocation.
	 * @param method the declaring method
	 * @param exceptionType the exception to throw
	 * @return <code>true</code> if the exception can be thrown as-is;
	 * <code>false</code> if it needs to be wrapped
	 */
	public static boolean declaresException(Method method, Class<?> exceptionType) {
		Assert.isNotNull(method, "Method must not be null");
		Class<?>[] declaredExceptions = method.getExceptionTypes();
		for (Class<?> declaredException : declaredExceptions) {
			if (declaredException.isAssignableFrom(exceptionType)) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given field is a "public static final" constant.
	 * @param field the field to check
	 */
	public static boolean isPublicStaticFinal(Field field) {
		int modifiers = field.getModifiers();
		return (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) && Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isFinal(modifiers));
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given method is an "equals" method.
	 * @see java.lang.Object#equals(Object)
	 */
	public static boolean isEqualsMethod(Method method) {
		if (method == null || !method.getName().equals("equals")) {
			return false;
		}
		Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
		return (paramTypes.length == 1 && paramTypes[0] == Object.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given method is a "hashCode" method.
	 * @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()
	 */
	public static boolean isHashCodeMethod(Method method) {
		return (method != null && method.getName().equals("hashCode") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given method is a "toString" method.
	 * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
	 */
	public static boolean isToStringMethod(Method method) {
		return (method != null && method.getName().equals("toString") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given method is originally declared by {@link java.lang.Object}.
	 */
	public static boolean isObjectMethod(Method method) {
		try {
			Object.class.getDeclaredMethod(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
			return true;
		} catch (SecurityException ex) {
			return false;
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Make the given field accessible, explicitly setting it accessible if
	 * necessary. The <code>setAccessible(true)</code> method is only called
	 * when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM
	 * SecurityManager (if active).
	 * @param field the field to make accessible
	 * @see java.lang.reflect.Field#setAccessible
	 */
	public static void makeAccessible(Field field) {
		if ((!Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(field.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()) ||
				Modifier.isFinal(field.getModifiers())) && !field.isAccessible()) {
			field.setAccessible(true);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Make the given method accessible, explicitly setting it accessible if
	 * necessary. The <code>setAccessible(true)</code> method is only called
	 * when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM
	 * SecurityManager (if active).
	 * @param method the method to make accessible
	 * @see java.lang.reflect.Method#setAccessible
	 */
	public static void makeAccessible(Method method) {
		if ((!Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(method.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()))
				&& !method.isAccessible()) {
			method.setAccessible(true);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Make the given constructor accessible, explicitly setting it accessible
	 * if necessary. The <code>setAccessible(true)</code> method is only called
	 * when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM
	 * SecurityManager (if active).
	 * @param ctor the constructor to make accessible
	 * @see java.lang.reflect.Constructor#setAccessible
	 */
	public static void makeAccessible(Constructor<?> ctor) {
		if ((!Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()))
				&& !ctor.isAccessible()) {
			ctor.setAccessible(true);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Perform the given callback operation on all matching methods of the given
	 * class and superclasses.
	 * <p>The same named method occurring on subclass and superclass will appear
	 * twice, unless excluded by a {@link MethodFilter}.
	 * @param clazz class to start looking at
	 * @param mc the callback to invoke for each method
	 * @see #doWithMethods(Class, MethodCallback, MethodFilter)
	 */
	public static void doWithMethods(Class<?> clazz, MethodCallback mc) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		doWithMethods(clazz, mc, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Perform the given callback operation on all matching methods of the given
	 * class and superclasses (or given interface and super-interfaces).
	 * <p>The same named method occurring on subclass and superclass will appear
	 * twice, unless excluded by the specified {@link MethodFilter}.
	 * @param clazz class to start looking at
	 * @param mc the callback to invoke for each method
	 * @param mf the filter that determines the methods to apply the callback to
	 */
	public static void doWithMethods(Class<?> clazz, MethodCallback mc, MethodFilter mf)
			throws IllegalArgumentException {

		// Keep backing up the inheritance hierarchy.
		Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
		for (Method method : methods) {
			if (mf != null && !mf.matches(method)) {
				continue;
			}
			try {
				mc.doWith(method);
			}
			catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Shouldn't be illegal to access method '" + method.getName()
						+ "': " + ex);
			}
		}
		if (clazz.getSuperclass() != null) {
			doWithMethods(clazz.getSuperclass(), mc, mf);
		}
		else if (clazz.isInterface()) {
			for (Class<?> superIfc : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
				doWithMethods(superIfc, mc, mf);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get all declared methods on the leaf class and all superclasses. Leaf
	 * class methods are included first.
	 */
	public static Method[] getAllDeclaredMethods(Class<?> leafClass) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		final List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<Method>(32);
		doWithMethods(leafClass, new MethodCallback() {
			public void doWith(Method method) {
				methods.add(method);
			}
		});
		return methods.toArray(new Method[methods.size()]);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the unique set of declared methods on the leaf class and all superclasses. Leaf
	 * class methods are included first and while traversing the superclass hierarchy any methods found
	 * with signatures matching a method already included are filtered out.
	 */
	public static Method[] getUniqueDeclaredMethods(Class<?> leafClass) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		final List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<Method>(32);
		doWithMethods(leafClass, new MethodCallback() {
			public void doWith(Method method) {
				Method methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType = null;

				for (Method existingMethod : methods) {
					if (method.getName().equals(existingMethod.getName()) &&
							Arrays.equals(method.getParameterTypes(), existingMethod.getParameterTypes())) {
						// is this a covariant return type situation?
						if (existingMethod.getReturnType() != method.getReturnType() &&
								existingMethod.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(method.getReturnType())) {
							methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType = existingMethod;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				if (methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType != null) {
					methods.remove(methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType);
				}
			}
		});
		return methods.toArray(new Method[methods.size()]);
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the given callback on all fields in the target class, going up the
	 * class hierarchy to get all declared fields.
	 * @param clazz the target class to analyze
	 * @param fc the callback to invoke for each field
	 */
	public static void doWithFields(Class<?> clazz, FieldCallback fc) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		doWithFields(clazz, fc, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the given callback on all fields in the target class, going up the
	 * class hierarchy to get all declared fields.
	 * @param clazz the target class to analyze
	 * @param fc the callback to invoke for each field
	 * @param ff the filter that determines the fields to apply the callback to
	 */
	public static void doWithFields(Class<?> clazz, FieldCallback fc, FieldFilter ff)
			throws IllegalArgumentException {

		// Keep backing up the inheritance hierarchy.
		Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
		do {
			Field[] fields = targetClass.getDeclaredFields();
			for (Field field : fields) {
				// Skip static and final fields.
				if (ff != null && !ff.matches(field)) {
					continue;
				}
				try {
					fc.doWith(field);
				}
				catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
					throw new IllegalStateException(
							"Shouldn't be illegal to access field '" + field.getName() + "': " + ex);
				}
			}
			targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
		}
		while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Given the source object and the destination, which must be the same class
	 * or a subclass, copy all fields, including inherited fields. Designed to
	 * work on objects with public no-arg constructors.
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the arguments are incompatible
	 */
	public static void shallowCopyFieldState(final Object src, final Object dest) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		if (src == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Source for field copy cannot be null");
		}
		if (dest == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination for field copy cannot be null");
		}
		if (!src.getClass().isAssignableFrom(dest.getClass())) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination class [" + dest.getClass().getName()
					+ "] must be same or subclass as source class [" + src.getClass().getName() + "]");
		}
		doWithFields(src.getClass(), new FieldCallback() {
			public void doWith(Field field) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
				makeAccessible(field);
				Object srcValue = field.get(src);
				field.set(dest, srcValue);
			}
		}, COPYABLE_FIELDS);
	}


	/**
	 * Action to take on each method.
	 */
	public interface MethodCallback {

		/**
		 * Perform an operation using the given method.
		 * @param method the method to operate on
		 */
		void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException;
	}


	/**
	 * Callback optionally used to filter methods to be operated on by a method callback.
	 */
	public interface MethodFilter {

		/**
		 * Determine whether the given method matches.
		 * @param method the method to check
		 */
		boolean matches(Method method);
	}


	/**
	 * Callback interface invoked on each field in the hierarchy.
	 */
	public interface FieldCallback {

		/**
		 * Perform an operation using the given field.
		 * @param field the field to operate on
		 */
		void doWith(Field field) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException;
	}


	/**
	 * Callback optionally used to filter fields to be operated on by a field callback.
	 */
	public interface FieldFilter {

		/**
		 * Determine whether the given field matches.
		 * @param field the field to check
		 */
		boolean matches(Field field);
	}


	/**
	 * Pre-built FieldFilter that matches all non-static, non-final fields.
	 */
	public static FieldFilter COPYABLE_FIELDS = new FieldFilter() {

		public boolean matches(Field field) {
			return !(Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()) || Modifier.isFinal(field.getModifiers()));
		}
	};


	/**
	 * Pre-built MethodFilter that matches all non-bridge methods.
	 */
	public static MethodFilter NON_BRIDGED_METHODS = new MethodFilter() {

		public boolean matches(Method method) {
			return !method.isBridge();
		}
	};


	/**
	 * Pre-built MethodFilter that matches all non-bridge methods
	 * which are not declared on <code>java.lang.Object</code>.
	 */
	public static MethodFilter USER_DECLARED_METHODS = new MethodFilter() {

		public boolean matches(Method method) {
			return (!method.isBridge() && method.getDeclaringClass() != Object.class);
		}
	};

}


### 查看 Java变量的数据类型Java 中,直接获取变量类型的最常见方式是在编译期通过定义来了解。然而,在运行时可以通过 `Object` 类中的 `getClass()` 方法以及 `Class<?>` 对象的 `getName()` 或者 `getSimpleName()` 方法间接实现这一目的。 对于基本数据类型及其对应的封装类(如 int 和 Integer),可以先将其转换成对象形式再调用上述方法: ```java // 定义不同类型变量 int number = 10; String text = "example"; Double decimal = 12.34; // 将基础类型转为对应包装类并打印其类型名称 System.out.println((number instanceof Integer ? "Integer" : "") + (new Integer(number)).getClass().getSimpleName()); System.out.println(text.getClass().getSimpleName()); // String 已经是一个引用类型可以直接操作 if (decimal != null) { System.out.println(decimal.getClass().getSimpleName()); } ``` 另外一种更通用的方法是利用反射机制,这允许程序在运行期间检查或“自省”自身结构,甚至修改内部属性。下面的例子展示了如何使用反射来获得字段的信息,包括它的类型: ```java import java.lang.reflect.Field; class DataTypeExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("DataTypeExample"); Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("sampleVariable"); System.out.println(field.getType().getSimpleName()); // 如果想要检测局部变量,则需借助字节码工具或其他高级特性,因为标准API不支持此功能 } private final List<String> sampleVariable = new ArrayList<>(); } ``` 值得注意的是,以上代码片段仅适用于成员变量而非局部变量;对于后者,由于 JVM 不保留这类信息直到执行阶段结束,因此无法简单地通过内置 API 获取它们的具体类型[^1]。
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值