代码中直接访问寄存器: *(volatile unsigned short *)的含义

最新推荐文章于 2019-08-12 17:43:14 发布
原创 最新推荐文章于 2019-08-12 17:43:14 发布 · 1k 阅读 · 3 ·
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本文深入探讨了volatileunsignedshort*的概念及其在内存操作中的应用，详细解释了其意义、作用及与指针结合的用法。

*(volatile unsigned short *)0x20000000 的意义

volatile 表示 禁止编译器优化.

unsigned short * 的意思是定义一个2个字节的地址指针, 连起来就是在0x20000000地址位置上输出一个2个字节长的数据。

( unsigned short * )是声明了一个 指针，
指针本身就是数值，

unsigned short *p = ( unsigned short * )0x20000000;
*p = 0; 与 *( unsigned short * )0x2000000 = 0;是一样的。


(volatile unsigned short *)0x20000000=XXX -->0x20000000被定义成一个指针，指向xxx地址。

*(volatile unsigned short *)0x20000000=XXX -->0x20000000指向的地址的值是xxx。

(*(volatile_unsigned_int_ *))
10-29
宏定义volatile的用法，希望和大家共同学习进步。
(*(volatile unsigned long *)详解
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在上述代码中，我们可以看到`(*(volatile unsigned long *) 0xE0028000)`这种写法，这是什么意思呢？这是一种强制类型转换，强制将`0xE0028000`这个地址转换成`volatile unsigned long *`类型的指针。这里的`...
(*((volatile unsigned short *) 0x83200000))
jeff_2009的专栏
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 #define S6D0129_IR    (*((volatile unsigned short *) 0x83200000))volatile 表示 禁止编译器优化unsigned short * 的意思是定义一个2个字节的地址指针 连起来就是在0x82300000地址位置上输出一个2个字节长的数据。在0x82300000地址TFT的IR信号。 *(volatile unsigned
一个表达式 *(volatile unsigned short int *)(0x60020000)=val; 的解析
sanfreefeng的专栏
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*(volatile unsigned short int *)(0x60020000)=val; 0x60020000 地址值，你想象成内存地址好了，这是一串数字 (volatile unsigned short int *)(0x60020000) 将数字强制转换为地址指针类型，也就是经过这样一转换， 0x60020000 就指向某一块内存位置了，第二个*就简单了，就是把val 赋值存
unsigned short，long
luvzhan的专栏
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short 在一般计算机中占 2 个字节 也就是 16 位 1byte=8bit 我们一般时候会这么用 short a; 计算机默认为有符号 所以取值范围是 -2^8 ~~~ 2^8-1 ^是幂的意思 所以也就是 -32768 ~~~ 32767 但是我们上边定义为 unsigned 为无符号 所以取值范围是 0~~~2^16-1 也就是 0~~~~65535
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volatile提醒编译器它后面所定义的变量随时都有可能改变，因此编译后的程序每次需要存储或读取这个变量的时候，都会直接从变量地址中读取数据。如果没有volatile关键字，则编译器可能优化读取和存储，可能暂时使用寄存器中的值，如果这个变量由别的程序更新了的话，将出现不一致的现象
struct task_struct { #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK /* * For reasons of header soup (see current_thread_info()), this * must be the first element of task_struct. */ struct thread_info thread_info; #endif /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped: */ volatile long state; /* * This begins the randomizable portion of task_struct. Only * scheduling-critical items should be added above here. */ randomized_struct_fields_start void *stack; atomic_t usage; /* Per task flags (PF_*), defined further below: */ unsigned int flags; unsigned int ptrace; #ifdef CONFIG_SMP struct llist_node wake_entry; int on_cpu; #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK /* Current CPU: */ unsigned int cpu; #endif unsigned int wakee_flips; unsigned long wakee_flip_decay_ts; struct task_struct *last_wakee; int wake_cpu; #endif int on_rq; int prio; int static_prio; int normal_prio; unsigned int rt_priority; const struct sched_class *sched_class; struct sched_entity se; struct sched_rt_entity rt; #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED struct task_group *sched_task_group; #endif struct sched_dl_entity dl; #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS /* List of struct preempt_notifier: */ struct hlist_head preempt_notifiers; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE unsigned int btrace_seq; #endif unsigned int policy; int nr_cpus_allowed; cpumask_t cpus_allowed; #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU int rcu_read_lock_nesting; union rcu_special rcu_read_unlock_special; struct list_head rcu_node_entry; struct rcu_node *rcu_blocked_node; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */ #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU unsigned long rcu_tasks_nvcsw; u8 rcu_tasks_holdout; u8 rcu_tasks_idx; int rcu_tasks_idle_cpu; struct list_head rcu_tasks_holdout_list; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU */ struct sched_info sched_info; struct list_head tasks; #ifdef CONFIG_SMP struct plist_node pushable_tasks; struct rb_node pushable_dl_tasks; #endif struct mm_struct *mm; struct mm_struct *active_mm; /* Per-thread vma caching: */ struct vmacache vmacache; #ifdef SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING struct task_rss_stat rss_stat; #endif int exit_state; int exit_code; int exit_signal; /* The signal sent when the parent dies: */ int pdeath_signal; /* JOBCTL_*, siglock protected: */ unsigned long jobctl; /* Used for emulating ABI behavior of previous Linux versions: */ unsigned int personality; /* Scheduler bits, serialized by scheduler locks: */ unsigned sched_reset_on_fork:1; unsigned sched_contributes_to_load:1; unsigned sched_migrated:1; unsigned sched_remote_wakeup:1; /* Force alignment to the next boundary: */ unsigned :0; /* Unserialized, strictly 'current' */ /* Bit to tell LSMs we're in execve(): */ unsigned in_execve:1; unsigned in_iowait:1; #ifndef TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK unsigned restore_sigmask:1; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG unsigned memcg_may_oom:1; #ifndef CONFIG_SLOB unsigned memcg_kmem_skip_account:1; #endif #endif #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK unsigned brk_randomized:1; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS /* disallow userland-initiated cgroup migration */ unsigned no_cgroup_migration:1; #endif unsigned long atomic_flags; /* Flags requiring atomic access. */ struct restart_block restart_block; pid_t pid; pid_t tgid; #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR /* Canary value for the -fstack-protector GCC feature: */ unsigned long stack_canary; #endif /* * Pointers to the (original) parent process, youngest child, younger sibling, * older sibling, respectively. (p->father can be replaced with * p->real_parent->pid) */ /* Real parent process: */ struct task_struct __rcu *real_parent; /* Recipient of SIGCHLD, wait4() reports: */ struct task_struct __rcu *parent; /* * Children/sibling form the list of natural children: */ struct list_head children; struct list_head sibling; struct task_struct *group_leader; /* * 'ptraced' is the list of tasks this task is using ptrace() on. * * This includes both natural children and PTRACE_ATTACH targets. * 'ptrace_entry' is this task's link on the p->parent->ptraced list. */ struct list_head ptraced; struct list_head ptrace_entry; /* PID/PID hash table linkage. */ struct pid_link pids[PIDTYPE_MAX]; struct list_head thread_group; struct list_head thread_node; struct completion *vfork_done; /* CLONE_CHILD_SETTID: */ int __user *set_child_tid; /* CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID: */ int __user *clear_child_tid; u64 utime; u64 stime; #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_SCALED_CPUTIME u64 utimescaled; u64 stimescaled; #endif u64 gtime; struct prev_cputime prev_cputime; #ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN struct vtime vtime; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL atomic_t tick_dep_mask; #endif /* Context switch counts: */ unsigned long nvcsw; unsigned long nivcsw; /* Monotonic time in nsecs: */ u64 start_time; /* Boot based time in nsecs: */ u64 real_start_time; /* MM fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific: */ unsigned long min_flt; unsigned long maj_flt; #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS struct task_cputime cputime_expires; struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; #endif /* Process credentials: */ /* Tracer's credentials at attach: */ const struct cred __rcu *ptracer_cred; /* Objective and real subjective task credentials (COW): */ const struct cred __rcu *real_cred; /* Effective (overridable) subjective task credentials (COW): */ const struct cred __rcu *cred; /* * executable name, excluding path. * * - normally initialized setup_new_exec() * - access it with [gs]et_task_comm() * - lock it with task_lock() */ char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; struct nameidata *nameidata; #ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC struct sysv_sem sysvsem; struct sysv_shm sysvshm; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK unsigned long last_switch_count; #endif /* Filesystem information: */ struct fs_struct *fs; /* Open file information: */ struct files_struct *files; /* Namespaces: */ struct nsproxy *nsproxy; /* Signal handlers: */ struct signal_struct *signal; struct sighand_struct *sighand; sigset_t blocked; sigset_t real_blocked; /* Restored if set_restore_sigmask() was used: */ sigset_t saved_sigmask; struct sigpending pending; unsigned long sas_ss_sp; size_t sas_ss_size; unsigned int sas_ss_flags; struct callback_head *task_works; struct audit_context *audit_context; #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL kuid_t loginuid; unsigned int sessionid; #endif struct seccomp seccomp; /* Thread group tracking: */ u32 parent_exec_id; u32 self_exec_id; /* Protection against (de-)allocation: mm, files, fs, tty, keyrings, mems_allowed, mempolicy: */ spinlock_t alloc_lock; /* Protection of the PI data structures: */ raw_spinlock_t pi_lock; struct wake_q_node wake_q; #ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES /* PI waiters blocked on a rt_mutex held by this task: */ struct rb_root_cached pi_waiters; /* Updated under owner's pi_lock and rq lock */ struct task_struct *pi_top_task; /* Deadlock detection and priority inheritance handling: */ struct rt_mutex_waiter *pi_blocked_on; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES /* Mutex deadlock detection: */ struct mutex_waiter *blocked_on; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS unsigned int irq_events; unsigned long hardirq_enable_ip; unsigned long hardirq_disable_ip; unsigned int hardirq_enable_event; unsigned int hardirq_disable_event; int hardirqs_enabled; int hardirq_context; unsigned long softirq_disable_ip; unsigned long softirq_enable_ip; unsigned int softirq_disable_event; unsigned int softirq_enable_event; int softirqs_enabled; int softirq_context; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP # define MAX_LOCK_DEPTH 48UL u64 curr_chain_key; int lockdep_depth; unsigned int lockdep_recursion; struct held_lock held_locks[MAX_LOCK_DEPTH]; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE #define MAX_XHLOCKS_NR 64UL struct hist_lock *xhlocks; /* Crossrelease history locks */ unsigned int xhlock_idx; /* For restoring at history boundaries */ unsigned int xhlock_idx_hist[XHLOCK_CTX_NR]; unsigned int hist_id; /* For overwrite check at each context exit */ unsigned int hist_id_save[XHLOCK_CTX_NR]; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN unsigned int in_ubsan; #endif /* Journalling filesystem info: */ void *journal_info; /* Stacked block device info: */ struct bio_list *bio_list; #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK /* Stack plugging: */ struct blk_plug *plug; #endif /* VM state: */ struct reclaim_state *reclaim_state; struct backing_dev_info *backing_dev_info; struct io_context *io_context; /* Ptrace state: */ unsigned long ptrace_message; siginfo_t *last_siginfo; struct task_io_accounting ioac; #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_XACCT /* Accumulated RSS usage: */ u64 acct_rss_mem1; /* Accumulated virtual memory usage: */ u64 acct_vm_mem1; /* stime + utime since last update: */ u64 acct_timexpd; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS /* Protected by ->alloc_lock: */ nodemask_t mems_allowed; /* Seqence number to catch updates: */ seqcount_t mems_allowed_seq; int cpuset_mem_spread_rotor; int cpuset_slab_spread_rotor; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS /* Control Group info protected by css_set_lock: */ struct css_set __rcu *cgroups; /* cg_list protected by css_set_lock and tsk->alloc_lock: */ struct list_head cg_list; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_RDT u32 closid; u32 rmid; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX struct robust_list_head __user *robust_list; #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT struct compat_robust_list_head __user *compat_robust_list; #endif struct list_head pi_state_list; struct futex_pi_state *pi_state_cache; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS struct perf_event_context *perf_event_ctxp[perf_nr_task_contexts]; struct mutex perf_event_mutex; struct list_head perf_event_list; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT unsigned long preempt_disable_ip; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA /* Protected by alloc_lock: */ struct mempolicy *mempolicy; short il_prev; short pref_node_fork; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING int numa_scan_seq; unsigned int numa_scan_period; unsigned int numa_scan_period_max; int numa_preferred_nid; unsigned long numa_migrate_retry; /* Migration stamp: */ u64 node_stamp; u64 last_task_numa_placement; u64 last_sum_exec_runtime; struct callback_head numa_work; struct list_head numa_entry; struct numa_group *numa_group; /* * numa_faults is an array split into four regions: * faults_memory, faults_cpu, faults_memory_buffer, faults_cpu_buffer * in this precise order. * * faults_memory: Exponential decaying average of faults on a per-node * basis. Scheduling placement decisions are made based on these * counts. The values remain static for the duration of a PTE scan. * faults_cpu: Track the nodes the process was running on when a NUMA * hinting fault was incurred. * faults_memory_buffer and faults_cpu_buffer: Record faults per node * during the current scan window. When the scan completes, the counts * in faults_memory and faults_cpu decay and these values are copied. */ unsigned long *numa_faults; unsigned long total_numa_faults; /* * numa_faults_locality tracks if faults recorded during the last * scan window were remote/local or failed to migrate. The task scan * period is adapted based on the locality of the faults with different * weights depending on whether they were shared or private faults */ unsigned long numa_faults_locality[3]; unsigned long numa_pages_migrated; #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */ struct tlbflush_unmap_batch tlb_ubc; struct rcu_head rcu; /* Cache last used pipe for splice(): */ struct pipe_inode_info *splice_pipe; struct page_frag task_frag; #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT struct task_delay_info *delays; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION int make_it_fail; unsigned int fail_nth; #endif /* * When (nr_dirtied >= nr_dirtied_pause), it's time to call * balance_dirty_pages() for a dirty throttling pause: */ int nr_dirtied; int nr_dirtied_pause; /* Start of a write-and-pause period: */ unsigned long dirty_paused_when; #ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP int latency_record_count; struct latency_record latency_record[LT_SAVECOUNT]; #endif /* * Time slack values; these are used to round up poll() and * select() etc timeout values. These are in nanoseconds. */ u64 timer_slack_ns; u64 default_timer_slack_ns; #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN unsigned int kasan_depth; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER /* Index of current stored address in ret_stack: */ int curr_ret_stack; /* Stack of return addresses for return function tracing: */ struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack; /* Timestamp for last schedule: */ unsigned long long ftrace_timestamp; /* * Number of functions that haven't been traced * because of depth overrun: */ atomic_t trace_overrun; /* Pause tracing: */ atomic_t tracing_graph_pause; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING /* State flags for use by tracers: */ unsigned long trace; /* Bitmask and counter of trace recursion: */ unsigned long trace_recursion; #endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */ #ifdef CONFIG_KCOV /* Coverage collection mode enabled for this task (0 if disabled): */ enum kcov_mode kcov_mode; /* Size of the kcov_area: */ unsigned int kcov_size; /* Buffer for coverage collection: */ void *kcov_area; /* KCOV descriptor wired with this task or NULL: */ struct kcov *kcov; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG struct mem_cgroup *memcg_in_oom; gfp_t memcg_oom_gfp_mask; int memcg_oom_order; /* Number of pages to reclaim on returning to userland: */ unsigned int memcg_nr_pages_over_high; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_UPROBES struct uprobe_task *utask; #endif #if defined(CONFIG_BCACHE) || defined(CONFIG_BCACHE_MODULE) unsigned int sequential_io; unsigned int sequential_io_avg; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP unsigned long task_state_change; #endif int pagefault_disabled; #ifdef CONFIG_MMU struct task_struct *oom_reaper_list; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK struct vm_struct *stack_vm_area; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK /* A live task holds one reference: */ atomic_t stack_refcount; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH int patch_state; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY /* Used by LSM modules for access restriction: */ void *security; #endif /* * New fields for task_struct should be added above here, so that * they are included in the randomized portion of task_struct. */ randomized_struct_fields_end /* CPU-specific state of this task: */ struct thread_struct thread; /* * WARNING: on x86, 'thread_struct' contains a variable-sized * structure. It *MUST* be at the end of 'task_struct'. * * Do not put anything below here! */ };
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代码中直接访问寄存器: *(volatile unsigned short *)的含义 *(volatile unsigned short *)0x20000000 的意义 volatile 表示 禁止编译器优化. unsigned short * 的意思是定义一个2个字节的地址指针, 连起来就是在0x20000000地址位置上输出一个2个字节长的数据。 ( unsig
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