delphi key

Shift 是一个集合变量。
         Type

               TShiftState = set of (ssShift, ssAlt, ssCtrl, ssLeft, ssRight,ssMiddle, ssDouble);
也就是说TShiftstate类型有ssShift, ssAlt, ssCtrl, ssLeft（鼠标左键）,ssRight（鼠标右键）, ssMiddle（鼠标中键）, ssDouble (鼠标双击)

Value Meaning
ssShift              The Shift key is held down.
ssAlt                 The Alt key is held down.
ssCtrl               The Ctrl key is held down.
ssLeft               The left mouse button is held down.
ssRight            The right mouse button is held down.
ssMiddle           The middle mouse button is held down.
ssDouble         The mouse was double-clicked.

用来判断组合键中是否用shift、Ctrl、鼠标左键、右键、中键、双击事件。

一般用在keydown、keyup、keypress事件中。
                  OnKeyDown和OnKeyUp事件中的Key是Word型的，表示用户按的是键盘上的哪个键，OnKeyPress中的Key是Char型，表示用户输入什么字符。一个产生8位(char)常规健值，一个产生16位(word)功能健健值。

                   1.KeyPress主要用来捕获数字(注意：包括Shift+数字的符号)、字母（注意：包括大小写）、小键盘等除了F1-12、SHIFT、Alt、Ctrl、Insert、Home、PgUp、Delete、End、PgDn、ScrollLock、Pause、NumLock、{菜单键}、{开始键}和方向键外的ANSI字符，KeyDown和KeyUp通常可以捕获键盘除了PrScrn所有按键(这里不讨论特殊键盘的特殊键）

                   2.KeyPress 只能捕获单个字符

KeyDown 和KeyUp 可以捕获组合键。

                   3.KeyPress 可以捕获单个字符的大小写

4.KeyDown和KeyUp 对于单个字符捕获的KeyValue 都是一个值，也就是不能判断单个字符的大小写。

                 5.KeyPress 不区分小键盘和主键盘的数字字符。

KeyDown 和KeyUp 区分小键盘和主键盘的数字字符。

6.其中PrScrn 按键KeyPress、KeyDown和KeyUp 都不能捕获。

keydown是键盘按下任何键
keypress是键盘按下任何数字键和任何字母键

 

keydown 与keypress的声明格式差别很大

1 onkeydown事件
type TKeyEvent  =  procedure  (Sender:  TObject;  var  Key:  Word;  Shift:  TShiftState)  of   object;
property  OnKeyDown:  TKeyEvent;
该事件在有任何键按下的时候，就发生。看！它响应的是Word类型，还能识别Shift键状态
2 onkeypress事件
type  TKeyPressEvent  =  procedure  (Sender:  TObject;  var  Key:  Char)  of   object;
property  OnKeyPress:  TKeyPressEvent;
该事件响应的是字符类型Char，只能识别ASCII码，不能识别组合键和控制键和功能键。按下功能键、控制键不产生该事件，但产生OnkeyDown事件。

 

TWinControl与键盘相关的3个事件如下：
OnKeyDown：键按下
OnKeyPress：有Ascii字符产生
OnKeyUp：键放开

其中OnKeyDown、OnKeyUp对任何按键都有响应，传入参数为
var  Key:   Word键的扫描值
   Shift:  TShiftState 表示控制键状态，包括键盘上的Ctrl、Shift、Alt和鼠标的左、中、右键及双击。
 
OnKeyPress事件只对Ascii有响应，传入参数为
var  Key:   CharAscii字符
//例如F1-F10只有onKeydown有反应

另外TWincontrol.  KeyPreview:Boolean属性确定控件是否在子控件之前处理按键。

 

比如说enter键,
onkeypress事件

if key=#13  then   //当你按下enter键时触发该事件
do  something

 
onkeydown事件
if  key=13 then    //当你按下enter键时触发该事件
do  something

 

 

其中所有的KeyDown事件里面应该用如下判断：
if Key = VK_RETURN then
...
所有的KeyPress事件里面应该用如下判断：
if Key = #13 then
...

postmessage(self.handle,wm_keydown,vk_tab,0);
keybd_event(VK_TAB,2,0,0);
perform(WM_NEXTDLGCTL,0,0);
SelectNext(ActiveControl, True, True);
...

但是显然用回车代码TAB显然不适合于BUTTON，你在它上面按回车的时候它会执行OnClick，所以不会TAB，你可以用别的键代替回车。

 

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键值

 

在keydown事件里面
showmessage(inttostr(key));
在keypress事件里面
showmessage(key);
就知道了。

Form1.KeyPreview := True;

procedure TForm1.FormKeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word;
Shift: TShiftState);
begin
Showmessage(IntToStr(Key));
end;

procedure TForm1.FormKeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key:Char);
begin
Showmessage(IntToStr(Ord(Key)));
end;


{ Virtual Keys, Standard Set }
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_LBUTTON}
VK_LBUTTON = 1;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_RBUTTON}
VK_RBUTTON = 2;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_CANCEL}
VK_CANCEL = 3;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_MBUTTON}
VK_MBUTTON = 4; { NOT contiguous with L & RBUTTON }
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_BACK}
VK_BACK = 8;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_TAB}
VK_TAB = 9;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_CLEAR}
VK_CLEAR = 12;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_RETURN}
VK_RETURN = 13;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_SHIFT}
VK_SHIFT = $10;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_CONTROL}
VK_CONTROL = 17;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_MENU}
VK_MENU = 18;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_PAUSE}
VK_PAUSE = 19;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_CAPITAL}
VK_CAPITAL = 20;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_KANA }
VK_KANA = 21;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_HANGUL }
VK_HANGUL = 21;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_JUNJA }
VK_JUNJA = 23;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_FINAL }
VK_FINAL = 24;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_HANJA }
VK_HANJA = 25;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_KANJI }
VK_KANJI = 25;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_CONVERT }
VK_CONVERT = 28;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NONCONVERT }
VK_NONCONVERT = 29;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_ACCEPT }
VK_ACCEPT = 30;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_MODECHANGE }
VK_MODECHANGE = 31;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_ESCAPE}
VK_ESCAPE = 27;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_SPACE}
VK_SPACE = $20;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_PRIOR}
VK_PRIOR = 33;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NEXT}
VK_NEXT = 34;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_END}
VK_END = 35;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_HOME}
VK_HOME = 36;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_LEFT}
VK_LEFT = 37;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_UP}
VK_UP = 38;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_RIGHT}
VK_RIGHT = 39;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_DOWN}
VK_DOWN = 40;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_SELECT}
VK_SELECT = 41;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_PRINT}
VK_PRINT = 42;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_EXECUTE}
VK_EXECUTE = 43;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_SNAPSHOT}
VK_SNAPSHOT = 44;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_INSERT}
VK_INSERT = 45;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_DELETE}
VK_DELETE = 46;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_HELP}
VK_HELP = 47;
{ VK_0 thru VK_9 are the same as ASCII ’0’ thru ’9’ ($30 - $39)}
{ VK_A thru VK_Z are the same as ASCII ’A’ thru ’Z’ ($41 - $5A)}
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_LWIN}
VK_LWIN = 91;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_RWIN}
VK_RWIN = 92;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_APPS}
VK_APPS = 93;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD0}
VK_NUMPAD0 = 96;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD1}
VK_NUMPAD1 = 97;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD2}
VK_NUMPAD2 = 98;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD3}
VK_NUMPAD3 = 99;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD4}
VK_NUMPAD4 = 100;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD5}
VK_NUMPAD5 = 101;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD6}
VK_NUMPAD6 = 102;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD7}
VK_NUMPAD7 = 103;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD8}
VK_NUMPAD8 = 104;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD9}
VK_NUMPAD9 = 105;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_MULTIPLY}
VK_MULTIPLY = 106;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_ADD}
VK_ADD = 107;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_SEPARATOR}
VK_SEPARATOR = 108;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_SUBTRACT}
VK_SUBTRACT = 109;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_DECIMAL}
VK_DECIMAL = 110;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_DIVIDE}
VK_DIVIDE = 111;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F1}
VK_F1 = 112;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F2}
VK_F2 = 113;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F3}
VK_F3 = 114;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F4}
VK_F4 = 115;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F5}
VK_F5 = 116;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F6}
VK_F6 = 117;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F7}
VK_F7 = 118;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F8}
VK_F8 = 119;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F9}
VK_F9 = 120;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F10}
VK_F10 = 121;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F11}
VK_F11 = 122;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F12}
VK_F12 = 123;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F13}
VK_F13 = 124;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F14}
VK_F14 = 125;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F15}
VK_F15 = 126;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F16}
VK_F16 = 127;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F17}
VK_F17 = 128;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F18}
VK_F18 = 129;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F19}
VK_F19 = 130;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F20}
VK_F20 = 131;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F21}
VK_F21 = 132;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F22}
VK_F22 = 133;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F23}
VK_F23 = 134;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_F24}
VK_F24 = 135;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMLOCK}
VK_NUMLOCK = 144;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_SCROLL}
VK_SCROLL = 145;
{ VK_L & VK_R - left and right Alt, Ctrl and Shift virtualkeys.
Used only as parameters to GetAsyncKeyState() andGetKeyState().
No other API or message will distinguish left and right keys inthis way. }
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_LSHIFT}
VK_LSHIFT = 160;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_RSHIFT}
VK_RSHIFT = 161;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_LCONTROL}
VK_LCONTROL = 162;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_RCONTROL}
VK_RCONTROL = 163;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_LMENU}
VK_LMENU = 164;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_RMENU}
VK_RMENU = 165;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_PROCESSKEY}
VK_PROCESSKEY = 229;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_ATTN}
VK_ATTN = 246;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_CRSEL}
VK_CRSEL = 247;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_EXSEL}
VK_EXSEL = 248;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_EREOF}
VK_EREOF = 249;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_PLAY}
VK_PLAY = 250;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_ZOOM}
VK_ZOOM = 251;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_NONAME}
VK_NONAME = 252;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_PA1}
VK_PA1 = 253;
{$EXTERNALSYM VK_OEM_CLEAR}
VK_OEM_CLEAR = 254;

：），其实不用记，你不是用delphi吗，在ide里面输入vk_f1总会吧，然后按住ctrl键
单击刚才你输入的vk_f1，就会出来啦！
至于key:char的值，就是key:word的ascII码，你可以看chr(vk_f1),chr(vk_enter),都可以哈！

 

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delphi帮助里的虚拟键值表:
vk_right right arrow key
vk_down down arrow key
vk_select select key
vk_print print key (keyboard-specific)
vk_execute execute key
vk_snapshot print screen key
vk_insert insert key
vk_delete delete key
vk_help help key

vk_lwin left windows key (microsoft keyboard)
vk_rwin right windows key (microsoft keyboard)
vk_apps applications key (microsoft keyboard)
vk_numpad0 0 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad1 1 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad2 2 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad3 3 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad4 4 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad5 5 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad6 6 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad7 7 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad8 8 key (numeric keypad)
vk_numpad9 9 key (numeric keypad)

vk_multiply multiply key (numeric keypad)
vk_add add key (numeric keypad)
vk_separator separator key (numeric keypad)
vk_subtract subtract key (numeric keypad)
vk_decimal decimal key (numeric keypad)
vk_divide divide key (numeric keypad)
vk_f1 f1 key
vk_f2 f2 key
vk_f3 f3 key
vk_f4 f4 key
vk_f5 f5 key
vk_f6 f6 key
vk_f7 f7 key
vk_f8 f8 key
vk_f9 f9 key
vk_f10 f10 key
vk_f11 f11 key
vk_f12 f12 key
vk_f13 f13 key
vk_f14 f14 key
vk_f15 f15 key

vk_f16 f16 key
vk_f17 f17 key
vk_f18 f18 key
vk_f19 f19 key
vk_f20 f20 key
vk_f21 f21 key
vk_f22 f22 key
vk_f23 f23 key
vk_f24 f24 key
vk_numlock num lock key
vk_scroll scroll lock key
vk_lshift left shift key (only used with getasynckeystate andgetkeystate)
vk_rshift right shift key (only used with getasynckeystate andgetkeystate)
vk_lcontrol left ctrl key (only used with getasynckeystate andgetkeystate)
vk_rcontrol right ctrl key (only used with getasynckeystate andgetkeystate)

vk_lmenu left alt key (only used with getasynckeystate andgetkeystate)
vk_rmenu right alt key (only used with getasynckeystate andgetkeystate)
vk_processkey process key
vk_attn attn key
vk_crsel crsel key
vk_exsel exsel key
vk_ereof erase eof key
vk_play play key
vk_zoom zoom key
vk_noname reserved for future use
vk_pa1 pa1 key
vk_oem_clear clear key

 

模拟鼠标

鼠标移动(移动量dx,dy)
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE,dx,dy,0, 0 );
鼠标在(x,y)处按下或释放
setcursorpos(x,y);
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
鼠标双击由两次按下与释放来模拟

键盘模拟

一般虚拟键值(VK_)由KeyDown或keyup事件得到
特殊键值
Tab--9
Shift--16
Ctrl--17
Alt--18
CapsLock--20
Esc--27
Win--91,92
NumLock--144
ScrollLock--145

按下键
keybd_event(key, MapVirtualKey(key, 0 ), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP , 0);
释放键
keybd_event(key, MapVirtualKey(key, 0 ), 0 , 0 );
以上做法对大多数键有效，少数键要用到不同的值

 

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常数名称     十六进制值    十进制值    对应按键
VK_LBUTTON         01         1       鼠标的左键
VK_RBUTTON         02         2       鼠标的右键
VK-CANCEL          03         3       Ctrl+Break(通常不需要处理)
VK_MBUTTON         04         4       鼠标的中键（三按键鼠标)
VK_BACK            08         8       Backspace键
VK_TAB             09         9       Tab键
VK_CLEAR           0C         12      Clear键（Num Lock关闭时的数字键盘5）
VK_RETURN          0D         13      Enter键
VK_SHIFT           10         16      Shift键
VK_CONTROL         11         17      Ctrl键
VK_MENU            12         18      Alt键
VK_PAUSE           13         19      Pause键
VK_CAPITAL         14         20      Caps Lock键
VK_ESCAPE          1B         27     Ese键
VK_SPACE           20         32      Spacebar键
VK_PRIOR           21         33      Page Up键
VK_NEXT            22         34      Page Domw键
VK_END             23         35      End键
VK_HOME            24         36      Home键
VK_LEFT            25         37      LEFT ARROW 键(←)
VK_UP              26         38      UP ARROW键(↑)
VK_RIGHT           27         39      RIGHT ARROW键(→)
VK_DOWN            28         40      DOWN ARROW键(↓)
VK_Select          29         41      Select键
VK_PRINT           2A         42     
VK_EXECUTE         2B         43      EXECUTE键
VK_SNAPSHOT        2C         44      Print Screen键（抓屏）
VK_Insert          2D         45      Ins键(Num Lock关闭时的数字键盘0)
VK_Delete          2E         46      Del键(Num Lock关闭时的数字键盘.)
VK_HELP            2F         47      Help键
VK_0   30         48      0键
VK_1   31         49      1键
VK_2   32         50      2键
VK_3   33         51      3键
VK_4   34         52      4键
VK_5   35         53      5键
VK_6   36         54      6键
VK_7   37         55      7键
VK_8   38         56      8键
VK_9   39         57      9键
VK_A   41         65      A键
VK_B   42         66      B键
VK_C   43         67      C键
VK_D   44         68      D键
VK_E   45         69      E键
VK_F   46         70      F键
VK_G   47         71      G键
VK_H   48         72      H键
VK_I   49         73      I键
VK_J   4A         74      J键
VK_K   4B         75      K键
VK_L   4C         76      L键
VK_M   4D         77      M键
VK_N   4E         78      N键
VK_O   4F         79      O键
VK_P   50         80      P键
VK_Q   51         81      Q键
VK_R   52         82      R键
VK_S   53         83      S键
VK_T   54         84      T键
VK_U   55         85      U键
VK_V   56         86      V键
VK_W   57         87      W键
VK_X   58         88      X键
VK_Y   59         89      Y键
VK_Z   5A         90      Z键

VK_NUMPAD0         60         96      数字键0键
VK_NUMPAD1         61         97      数字键1键
VK_NUMPAD2         62         98      数字键2键
VK_NUMPAD3         62         99      数字键3键
VK_NUMPAD4         64         100     数字键4键
VK_NUMPAD5         65         101     数字键5键
VK_NUMPAD6         66         102     数字键6键
VK_NUMPAD7         67         103     数字键7键
VK_NUMPAD8         68         104     数字键8键
VK_NUMPAD9         69         105     数字键9键
VK_MULTIPLY        6A         106     数字键盘上的*键
VK_ADD             6B         107     数字键盘上的+键
VK_SEPARATOR       6C         108     Separator键
VK_SUBTRACT        6D         109     数字键盘上的-键
VK_DECIMAL         6E         110     数字键盘上的.键
VK_DIVIDE          6F         111     数字键盘上的/键
VK_F1  70         112     F1键
VK_F2  71         113     F2键
VK_F3  72         114     F3键
VK_F4  73         115     F4键
VK_F5  74         116     F5键
VK_F6  75         117     F6键
VK_F7  76         118     F7键
VK_F8  77         119     F8键
VK_F9  78         120     F9键
VK_F10 79         121     F10键
VK_F11 7A         122     F11键
VK_F12 7B         123     F12键
VK_NUMLOCK    90         144     Num Lock 键
VK_SCROLL     91         145     Scroll Lock键
  

上面没有提到的：（都在大键盘）       
VK_LWIN           91      左win键
VK_RWIN           92      右win键
VK_APPS           93      右Ctrl左边键，点击相当于点击鼠标右键，会弹出快捷菜单
       186     ;(分号)
       187     =键
       188     ,键(逗号)
       189     -键(减号)
       190     .键(句号)
       191     /键
       192     `键(Esc下面)
       219     [键
       220     /键
       221     ]键
       222     '键(引号)

procedure  TForm1.Edit1KeyDown(Sender:  TObject;  var  Key:  Word; 
     Shift:  TShiftState); 
begin 
     if  key=VK_DELETE  then 
       key:=0; 
end; 

Delphi6.0,2000下通过Top
于在keydown中屏蔽掉除数字外的所有键
还应该允许Ctr+C/X/V，所以总结起来应该是： 

    procedure  TForm1.Edit1KeyPress(Sender:  TObject;  var  Key:  Char); 
begin 
    if  not  (Key  in  ['0'..'9',  #3,  #22,  #24,  #8,  #13,  #45])  then  Key  :=  #0; 
end;        

procedure  TForm1.Edit1KeyPress(Sender:  TObject;  var  Key:  Char); 
begin 
     if  (key>#57)  and   (key