搭建Nginx+Java环境(详细)

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-31 14:06:02 发布

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本文详细介绍了Nginx的配置方法，包括基本配置项、虚拟主机配置、静态资源缓存及负载均衡等，并提供了与Tomcat结合的具体配置案例。

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Nginx的配置文件都存于目录conf文件下，其中nginx.conf是它的主配置文件。

以下为我加上注释并配置的新的虚拟server

[plain] view plain copy print ?

#运行用户
#user nobody;
#开启进程数 <=CPU数
worker_processes 1;
#错误日志保存位置
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#进程号保存文件
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#等待事件
events {
#Linux下打开提高性能
#use epoll;
#每个进程最大连接数（最大连接=连接数x进程数）
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
#文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
include mime.types;
#默认文件类型
default_type application/octet-stream;
#日志文件输出格式这个位置相于全局设置
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#请求日志保存位置
#access_log logs/access.log main;
#设定请求缓冲
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#打开发送文件
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#客户端上传文件大小控制
client_max_body_size 8m;
#打开gzip压缩
#gzip on;
#设定负载均衡的服务器列表
#upstream mysvr {
# #weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大
# #本机上的Squid开启3128端口
# #server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5;
# #server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1;
# #server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6;
#}
#第一个虚拟主机
server {
#监听IP端口
listen 80;
#主机名
server_name localhost;
#root
#设置字符集
#charset koi8-r;
#本虚拟server的访问日志相当于局部变量
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#日志文件输出格式
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#静态文件缓存时间设置
#location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${
# expires 30d;
#}
#静态文件缓存时间设置
#location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${
# expires 1h;
#}
#对本server"/"启用负载均衡
#location / {
# proxy_pass http://mysvr;
# proxy_redirect off;
# proxy_set_header Host $host;
# proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# client_max_body_size 10m;
# client_body_buffer_size 128k;
# proxy_connect_timeout 90;
# proxy_send_timeout 90;
# proxy_read_timeout 90;
# proxy_buffer_size 4k;
# proxy_buffers 4 32k;
# proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
# proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
#}
#设定查看Nginx状态的地址
#location /NginxStatus {
# stub_status on;
# access_log on;
# auth_basic “NginxStatus”;
# auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
server {
#多监听
listen localhost:8666;
#主机名
server_name LIULJ2576;
#WEB文件路径
root E:/Portal;
#默认首页
index HomePage.html;
#location / {
# #这里相当于局部变量
# root E:/Portal;
# index HomePage.html;
#}
}
# HTTPS server HTTPS SSL加密服务器
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}

#运行用户
#user  nobody;
#开启进程数 <=CPU数
worker_processes  1;
#错误日志保存位置
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#进程号保存文件
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

#等待事件
events {
    #Linux下打开提高性能
    #use epoll;
    #每个进程最大连接数（最大连接=连接数x进程数）
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    include       mime.types;
    #默认文件类型
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #日志文件输出格式 这个位置相于全局设置
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
    #请求日志保存位置
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
    #设定请求缓冲
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

    #打开发送文件
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    
    #客户端上传文件大小控制
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    
    #打开gzip压缩
    #gzip  on;
    
    #设定负载均衡的服务器列表
    #upstream mysvr {
    #    #weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大
    #    #本机上的Squid开启3128端口
    #    #server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5;
    #    #server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1;
    #    #server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6;
    #}

    #第一个虚拟主机
    server {
        #监听IP端口
        listen       80;
        #主机名
        server_name  localhost;
        #root  
        
        #设置字符集
        #charset koi8-r;
        #本虚拟server的访问日志 相当于局部变量
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #日志文件输出格式
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
        
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        
        #静态文件缓存时间设置
        #location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${         
        #    expires 30d;
        #}
        
        #静态文件缓存时间设置
        #location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${         
        #    expires 1h;
        #}
        
        #对本server"/"启用负载均衡
        #location / {
        #    proxy_pass http://mysvr;
        #    proxy_redirect off;
        #    proxy_set_header Host $host;
        #    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        #    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        #    client_max_body_size 10m;
        #    client_body_buffer_size 128k;
        #    proxy_connect_timeout 90;
        #    proxy_send_timeout 90;
        #    proxy_read_timeout 90;
        #    proxy_buffer_size 4k;
        #    proxy_buffers 4 32k;
        #    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
        #    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
        #}
        
        #设定查看Nginx状态的地址
        #location /NginxStatus {
        #    stub_status on;
        #    access_log on;
        #    auth_basic “NginxStatus”;
        #    auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
        #}



        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration    
    server {
        #多监听       
        listen       localhost:8666;
        #主机名
        server_name  LIULJ2576;
        #WEB文件路径
        root         E:/Portal;
        #默认首页
        index        HomePage.html;        
        #location / {
        #    #这里相当于局部变量
        #    root   E:/Portal;
        #    index  HomePage.html;
        #}
    }


    # HTTPS server HTTPS SSL加密服务器
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers  ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

#号为注释内容，我们在cmd下运行nginx

启动成功，出错的话，可以查询日志（日志路径是配置文件指定的，你可以修改存到其它位置）

访问一下第二个server 配置的localhost:8666地址，结果出现

三、Nginx可以通过以下两种方式来实现与Tomcat的耦合：

将静态页面请求交给Nginx，动态请求交给后端Tomcat处理。

将所有请求都交给后端的Tomcat服务器处理，同时利用Nginx自身的负载均衡功能进行多台Tomcat服务器的负载均衡。

下面通过两个配置实例分别讲述这两种实现

一、动态页面和静态页面分离的实例

这里假定Tomcat服务器的IP地址为192.168.12.130，同时Tomcat服务器开放的服务器端口为8080。Nginx相关配置代码如下：

[plain] view plain copy print ?

server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ixdba.net;
root /web/www/html;
location /img/ {
alias /web/www/html/img/;
}
location ~ (\.jsp)|(\.do)$ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.12.130:8080;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
}

server {  
      listen 80;  
      server_name www.ixdba.net;  
      root /web/www/html;  
 
location /img/ {  
      alias /web/www/html/img/;  
}  
 
location ~ (\.jsp)|(\.do)$ {  
     proxy_pass http://192.168.12.130:8080;  
     proxy_redirect off;  
     proxy_set_header Host $host;  
     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  
     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  
     client_max_body_size 10m;  
     client_body_buffer_size 128k;  
     proxy_connect_timeout 90;  
     proxy_send_timeout 90;  
     proxy_read_timeout 90;  
     proxy_buffer_size 4k;  
     proxy_buffers 4 32k;  
     proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;  
     proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;  
}  
 
}

在这个实例中，首先定义了一个虚拟主机www.ixdba.net，然后通过location指令将/web/www/html/img/目录下的静态文件交给Nginx来完成。最后一个location指令将所有以.jsp、.do结尾的文件都交给Tomcat服务器的8080端口来处理，即http://192.168.12.130:8080。

需要特别注意的是，在location指令中使用正则表达式后，proxy_pass后面的代理路径不能含有地址链接，也就是不能写成http://192.168.12.130:8080/，或者类似http://192.168.12.130:8080/jsp的形式。在location指令不使用正则表达式时，没有此限制。

2、多个tomcat负载均衡的实例

这里假定有3台Tomcat服务器，分别开放不同的端口，地址如下：

[plain] view plain copy print ?

192.168.12.131:8000
192.168.12.132:8080
192.168.12.133:8090

192.168.12.131:8000  
192.168.12.132:8080  
192.168.12.133:8090

Nginx的相关配置代码如下：

[plain] view plain copy print ?

upstream mytomcats {
server 192.168.12.131:8000;
server 192.168.12.132:8080;
server 192.168.12.133:8090;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ixdba.net;
location ~* \.(jpg|gif|png|swf|flv|wma|wmv|asf|mp3|mmf|zip|rar)$ {
root /web/www/html/;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://mytomcats;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
}