【c/c++】multiple definition-->static & extern

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-06 06:48:56 发布
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本文探讨了编程中常见的重复定义错误，分析了错误产生的原因，并介绍了static与extern关键字的作用及其如何帮助解决这类问题。
【c++debug】模板结构体的函数定义写在头文件中可能导致的多重定义错误（multiple definition）
qq_40145095的博客
05-27 1073
当包含头文件的源文件被编译时，编译器会将模板结构体的函数定义实例化为具体的函数，并生成相应的目标代码。如果多个源文件都包含了这个头文件，并且它们都被编译为目标文件，那么链接器在链接这些目标文件时就会遇到多个相同函数定义的情况，从而导致多重定义错误。在C++中，如果将模板结构体的函数定义写在头文件中，而且这个头文件被多个源文件包含，可能会导致多重定义错误（multiple definition）。这样，每个源文件只会编译并实例化一次模板结构体的函数，避免了多重定义错误。关键字修饰这些函数的定义。
C++--multiple definition of 'xxx'
天道酬勤
04-27 876
一、问题 1、博主在一个 test.h 头文件中定义了一个 vector 容器，然后在 refer1.h 和 refer2.h 中包含 test.h 文件，然后 refer2.h 中包含 refer1.h，然后出现 multiple definition of 'xxx'，关系如下： // std::vector<int> stationNum(15); //初始化后，容器...
C++ multiple definition problem
CV_2013的专栏
04-14 752
Recently I write a reading data interface, and face a problem, which the compiler always say my program has multiple definition
C/C++：multiple definition和undefined reference
xikangsoon的博客
02-15 1439
multiple definition一般是在.h头文件定义了变量和函数，解决方法： 使用static或者将函数及变量定义在.c、.cpp文件中。 undefined reference可能是函数定义的命名空间不对。 如果函数在头文件命名空间中声明，源文件的实现部分也要加namespace命名空间（类的话不用加） #pragma once #include <string> #include <stdint.h> #include <dlt/dlt.h> na
C/C++项目编译出现multiple definition问题
lxzhong1的博客
02-19 1万+
先介绍一下 static 修饰词在 C/C++ 中的作用： 隐藏：修饰全局变量/函数时，该变量/函数只能在本文件中调用，对其他文件不可见。 保持局部变量值的恒定：修饰局部变量时，其只初始化一次，生命周期和全局变量一致（一般局部变量保存在栈中，全局变量保存在全局数据区），直到程序结束才释放。 static修饰的变量默认初始化为0。 c++独有： 4. 修饰类的数据成员，表明该类所有对象这个数据成员都只有一个实例，即为所有对象共有。 5. 修饰类成员函数，表明这个静态成员函数，
正在启动生成... cmd /c chcp 65001>nul && g++.exe -fdiagnostics-color=always -g F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test\Main.cpp system/resource/*.cpp -o F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/Main.exe -I F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/** -I F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/system/include -I F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/system/SFML-3.0.2/include -L F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/System/SFML-3.0.2/lib -lsfml-graphics -lsfml-window -lsfml-system -lsfml-audio-d E:/SelfCodeTool/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/build: Permission denied E:/SelfCodeTool/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\��ڷư�\AppData\Local\Temp\ccNHSayZ.o: in function `std::__new_allocator<char>::__new_allocator()': F:/CodeFiles/VScode/Project_test/Main.cpp:62: multiple definition of `sys_run(std::vector<text, std::allocator<text> >&, int&, sf::RenderWindow&)'; C:\Users\��ڷư�\AppData\Local\Temp\ccuE5dGX.o:F:/CodeFiles/VScode/Project_test/Main.cpp:62: first defined here E:/SelfCodeTool/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\��ڷư�\AppData\Local\Temp\ccNHSayZ.o: in function `std::__new_allocator<sf::Vertex>::deallocate(sf::Vertex*, unsigned long long)': F:/CodeFiles/VScode/Project_test/Main.cpp:83: multiple definition of `main'; C:\Users\��ڷư�\AppData\Local\Temp\ccuE5dGX.o:F:/CodeFiles/VScode/Project_test/Main.cpp:83: first defined here E:/SelfCodeTool/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/resources: Permission denied E:/SelfCodeTool/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/save: Permission denied E:/SelfCodeTool/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find F:\CodeFiles\VScode\Project_test/system: Permission denied collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status 生成已完成，但出现错误。 C++ VScode 编译过程中的错误，请指出报错的原因，并给出修改意见。
10-26
multiple definition of `sys_run(std::vector, std::allocator<text> >&, int&, sf::RenderWindow&)' multiple definition of `main' ``` **原因分析**： 这些错误通常发生在链接阶段，表明同一个函数被定义了...
/home/sunhaoming/ipc_platform/platform/sdk/soc/nvt9856x/uclibc-toolchain-1.0.32/arm-ca9-linux-uclibcgnueabihf-8.4.01/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-ca9-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/8.4.0/../../../../arm-ca9-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/bin/ld: libraries/nsd/lte_manager/lte_manager.o: in function `.LANCHOR35': /home/sunhaoming/ipc_platform/platform/nvmp/build_dir/target-arm-ca9-linux-uclibcgnueabihf-c540-4gv1.2/nsd/modules/lte_manager/lte_manager.c:129: multiple definition of `usb0dev'; libraries/nsd/nasw/nasw.o:/home/sunhaoming/ipc_platform/platform/nvmp/build_dir/target-arm-ca9-linux-uclibcgnueabihf-c540-4gv1.2/nsd/modules/nasw/nasw.c:43: first defined here collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
10-24
<think>Hmm, the user is reporting a linker error during compilation - specifically a "multiple definition" conflict for the symbol `usb0dev`. This looks like a classic C/C++ linking issue. First let...
FAILED: lcd-2.elf cmd.exe /C "cd . && E:\esp32\ESP-IDF\5.2.3\Espressif\tools\xtensa-esp-elf\esp-13.2.0_20230928\xtensa-esp-elf\bin\xtensa-esp32s3-elf-g++.exe -mlongcalls -fno-builtin-memcpy -fno-builtin-memset -fno-builtin-bzero -fno-builtin-stpcpy -fno-builtin-strncpy -Wl,--cref -Wl,--defsym=IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3=0 -Wl,--Map=E:/esp32/project/caogao/lcd-3/build/lcd-2.map -Wl,--no-warn-rwx-segments -fno-rtti -fno-lto -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--warn-common -T esp32s3.peripherals.ld -T esp32s3.rom.ld -T esp32s3.rom.api.ld -T esp32s3.rom.libgcc.ld -T esp32s3.rom.newlib.ld -T esp32s3.rom.version.ld -T memory.ld -T sections.ld @CMakeFiles\lcd-2.elf.rsp -o lcd-2.elf && cd ." E:/esp32/ESP-IDF/5.2.3/Espressif/tools/xtensa-esp-elf/esp-13.2.0_20230928/xtensa-esp-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/13.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: esp-idf/wifi_scan/libwifi_scan.a(wifiscan.c.obj):E:/esp32/project/caogao/lcd-3/components/wifi_scan/wifiscan.h:55: multiple definition of `wifi_my_config'; esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.c.obj):E:/esp32/project/caogao/lcd-3/components/wifi_scan/wifiscan.h:55: first defined here collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
03-09
<think>好的，我现在遇到了一个编译错误，提示“multiple definition of `wifi_my_config'”，导致链接失败。需要仔细分析问题原因，并找到解决办法。 首先，错误信息显示在链接阶段，两个不同的目标文件（wifiscan...
C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:29: multiple definition of `neoPixelActive'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:29: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:40: multiple definition of `pixels'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:40: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:38: multiple definition of `u8g2'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:38: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:95: multiple definition of `lastPressTime'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:95: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:93: multiple definition of `ChangeRequested2'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:93: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:92: multiple definition of `ChangeRequested1'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:92: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:91: multiple definition of `ChangeRequested'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:91: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:80: multiple definition of `channelGroup_3'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:80: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:79: multiple definition of `channelGroup_2'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:79: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:78: multiple definition of `channelGroup_1'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:78: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:76: multiple definition of `current'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:76: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:73: multiple definition of `current_Mode'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:73: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\neopixel.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:30: multiple definition of `oledBrightness'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:30: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:38: multiple definition of `u8g2'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:38: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:40: multiple definition of `pixels'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:40: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:95: multiple definition of `lastPressTime'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:95: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:93: multiple definition of `ChangeRequested2'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:93: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:92: multiple definition of `ChangeRequested1'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:92: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:91: multiple definition of `ChangeRequested'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:91: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:80: multiple definition of `channelGroup_3'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:80: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:79: multiple definition of `channelGroup_2'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:79: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:78: multiple definition of `channelGroup_1'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:78: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:76: multiple definition of `current'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:76: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:73: multiple definition of `current_Mode'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/config.h:73: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:30: multiple definition of `oledBrightness'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:30: first defined here C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2507-cn/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/14.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\setting.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:29: multiple definition of `neoPixelActive'; C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\F0E01E7FE196C94C459E71935990690B\sketch\RfClown.ino.cpp.o:C:\Users\User\Downloads\RF-Clown-main\RF-Clown-main\RfClown/setting.h:29: first defined here collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status exit status 1 Compilation error: exit status 1
最新发布
11-20
</think>在 Arduino 项目中解决 `multiple definition` 链接错误的根本方法是正确处理变量的**声明和定义关系**，以下是系统化的解决方案： ### 核心解决原则 1. **单一定义规则**：每个全局变量只能在**一个编译...
multiple definition of `ascii_font'; CMakeFiles/Freertos_Template.dir/Drivers/Hardware/DshanMCU-F103/ascii_font.c.obj:E:/FreeRTOS/Project/Template/Drivers/Hardware/DshanMCU-F103/ascii_font.c:3: first defined here
08-20
<think>我们正在处理一个C/C++编译错误：multiple definition of 'ascii_font'。这个错误发生在链接阶段，使用CMake构建系统。错误信息表明变量'ascii_font'被多次定义。 在C/C++中，当同一个变量在多个编译单元中...
C++ 头文件.h 和 源文件.cpp 以及多重定义(multiple definition)
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前言 之前虽然学过C++，但是都是零零散散看的，很多特性，尤其是C++ 11的特性我都不知道。因此最近在看C++ primer，算是系统地过一遍C++吧。在差不多看完C++ primer之后，对C++有了更深的理解，我才发现C++真是一门很有魅力的语言。虽然控制底层的东西很繁琐，但是也给了程序员一个接触底层的机会。 在写书上的代码时，我又遇到了一个刚入门时反复遇到的问题：头文件(.h)和源文件(....
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weixin_40212553的博客
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总结C++重定义问题
【C++】 解决 C++ 语言报错：Multiple Definition of Symbol
Easonmax的博客
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引言符号重定义（Multiple Definition of Symbol）是 C++ 编程中常见的编译错误之一。当多个源文件中包含同名的全局变量或函数定义时，链接器会报告符号重定义错误。这种错误会导致编译失败，阻止生成可执行文件。本文将深入探讨符号重定义的成因、检测方法及其预防和解决方案，帮助开发者在编写 C++ 程序时避免和处理符号重定义问题。符号重定义的成因符号重定义通常由以下几种原因引起：全局变量在头文件中定义 当在头文件中定义全局变量，并在多个源文件中包含该头文件时，会导致符号重定义错误。例如：
C++中，multiple definition of xxx 解决方法
whisper211的博客
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头文件，并且在这个头文件中定义了多个函数和变量，导致了多次定义错误。比如，报错是 multiple definition of funcA。那么在头文件中只留funcA的声明，具体的实现放在单独的c.cpp中。根据错误信息，可能是源文件 a。问题就可以得到解决了。
深入理解C++在.h头文件中定义函数导致的multiple definition
huangdenan的博客
10-12 2566
问题：某个头文件中声明并定义了一个函数，然后在多个源码文件中调用该函数，编译链接时出现了该函数multiple definition问题，在头文件中添加了 #ifndef 头也不行，经过尝试发现如果将该函数的声明和定义分开到.h和.cpp文件之后问题消失，为什么不能将函数直接定义在.h文件中呢？ 针对该问题，抽象出如下几个问题： 1头文件中只可放置函数声明，不可放置函数定义吗？ 以下面的程序为例： // a.h #ifndef __a_h__ #define __a_h__ void funcA(void)
解决C++项目编译时的multiple definition of重定义问题
weixin_44164489的博客
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转自此博客 编译C++工程时，出现“multiple definition of ”，即有很多函数和变量的重定义 我把所有的全局变量写在一个global.h里，然后其他文件都include 了它 ，于是出现了 multiple definition of … （编译器 gcc ) 问题关键是：在同一个文件里写了函数声明和定义，该文件被多个文件包含，造成函数的重定义 解决：将函数声明和定义分开，只包含有函数声明的文件 我的代码结构 main.cpp #include “global.h”
c++ 变量的重复定义问题 [multiple definition of] 与模板类
weixin_34392906的博客
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为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>> ...
[轻笔记]C++实现类自注册时出现“multiple definition”（重定义）错误
昔风不起，唯有努力生存！
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这样会导致多次编译上面这句代码，造成重复定义错误。所以，当头文件中存在一个定义语句时要特别注意。
解决C++编译出现的重定义问题：multiple definition of ’XXX‘错误
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1 //file_NO2:hello.cpp 2 #include 3 #include"hello.h" 4 using namespace std; 5 hello::hello() 6 { 7 } 8 9 int hello::Display() 10 { 11 cout<<"Hello, World!\n"<<endl; 12 ret
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