有关Java 5.0+ 并发包的探讨-2 section -补充-2

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-09 20:08:01 发布

kisslinux2010

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-09 20:08:01 发布

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分类专栏： Core Java 文章标签： Java Exchange IE thread JDK

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本文深入解析 Java 并发包中的 Exchanger 类，介绍其核心方法 exchange 的实现原理，并通过一个填充与清空缓冲区的示例展示如何使用 Exchanger 类进行线程间的双向数据交换。

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Exchanger

Exchanger 类方便了两个共同操作线程之间的双向交换;
Exchanger 通常用于一个线程填充缓冲,而另一个线程清空缓冲的情况。当两个线程在屏障处集合时(交换点)，它们交换缓冲,为了解释Exchanger的使用方法，先看看其实现原理，在Exchanger中最核心的方法是exchange, 其JDK的实现是:

 public V exchange(V x) throws InterruptedException {
        if (!Thread.interrupted()) {
            Object v = doExchange(x == null? NULL_ITEM : x, false, 0);
            if (v == NULL_ITEM)
                return null;
            if (v != CANCEL)
                return (V)v;
            Thread.interrupted(); // Clear interrupt status on IE throw
        }
        throw new InterruptedException();
    }

调用了doExchange子方法，我们来看看其具体的实现：

 private Object doExchange(Object item, boolean timed, long nanos) {
        Node me = new Node(item);                 // Create in case occupying
        int index = hashIndex();                  // Index of current slot
        int fails = 0;                            // Number of CAS failures

        for (;;) {
            Object y;                             // Contents of current slot
            Slot slot = arena[index];
            if (slot == null)                     // Lazily initialize slots
                createSlot(index);                // Continue loop to reread
            else if ((y = slot.get()) != null &&  // Try to fulfill
                     slot.compareAndSet(y, null)) {
                Node you = (Node)y;               // Transfer item
                if (you.compareAndSet(null, item)) {
                    LockSupport.unpark(you.waiter);
                    return you.item;
                }                                 // Else cancelled; continue
            }
            else if (y == null &&                 // Try to occupy
                     slot.compareAndSet(null, me)) {
                if (index == 0)                   // Blocking wait for slot 0
                    return timed? awaitNanos(me, slot, nanos): await(me, slot);
                Object v = spinWait(me, slot);    // Spin wait for non-0
                if (v != CANCEL)
                    return v;
                me = new Node(item);              // Throw away cancelled node
                int m = max.get();
                if (m > (index >>>= 1))           // Decrease index
                    max.compareAndSet(m, m - 1);  // Maybe shrink table
            }
            else if (++fails > 1) {               // Allow 2 fails on 1st slot
                int m = max.get();
                if (fails > 3 && m < FULL && max.compareAndSet(m, m + 1))
                    index = m + 1;                // Grow on 3rd failed slot
                else if (--index < 0)
                    index = m;                    // Circularly traverse
            }
        }
    }

Slot类是从AtomicRefrence继承而来的，也就是说交换是基于原子操作的，另外从上可以看到是如何交换数据的！并且我试图补齐在其实现Class上的注释中的例子：

class FillAndEmpty {
	Exchanger<DataBuffer> exchanger = new Exchanger<DataBuffer>();
	DataBuffer initialEmptyBuffer = new DataBuffer();
	DataBuffer initialFullBuffer = new DataBuffer();

	class FillingLoop implements Runnable {
		public void run() {       
			DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialEmptyBuffer;      
			try {         
				while (currentBuffer != null) {          
					addToBuffer(currentBuffer);          
					if (currentBuffer.full())            
						currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);        
					}      
				} catch (InterruptedException ex) { }}}

	class EmptyingLoop implements Runnable {
		public void run() {      
			DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialFullBuffer;       
			try {         
				while (currentBuffer != null) {          
					takeFromBuffer(currentBuffer);          
					if (currentBuffer.empty())            
						currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);        
					}      
				} 
			catch (InterruptedException ex) { }}

	void start() {
		new Thread(new FillingLoop()).start();
		new Thread(new EmptyingLoop()).start();
	}
}