Python 3 读取不同编码的文本文件

1. 读取无BOM的UTF-8编码文件，open方法传入参数：encoding = 'utf-8'

2. 读取有BOM的UTF-8编码文件，open方法传入参数：encoding = 'utf-8-sig'

3. 读取无BOM的gbk编码文件，open方法传入参数：encoding = 'gbk'

万金油方法：

bytes = min(32, os.path.getsize(filename))
raw = open(filename, 'rb').read(bytes)
result = chardet.detect(raw)
encoding = result['encoding']

infile = open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding)
data = infile.read()
infile.close()

print(data)

参考资料：

Reading Unicode file data with BOM chars in Python
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13590749/reading-unicode-file-data-with-bom-chars-in-python#comment18629764_13591421

在Python的API文档里有详细介绍：

All of these encodings can only encode 256 of the 1114112 codepoints defined in Unicode. A simple and straightforward way tha