运维小白的python之路——paramiko

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-12 17:39:24 发布

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本文介绍如何使用Python的Paramiko库实现SSH客户端功能，包括基于用户名密码及公钥私钥的不同连接方式，并演示了如何利用SFTP进行文件上传和下载。

paramiko模块

SSHClient()

基于用户名密码连接

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#基于用户名密码的连接
import paramiko

#创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
#允许链接不在know_host文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
#链接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.151.100',  username = 'root', password='111111')

#执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
#获取命令结果
result = str(stdout.read().decode())
res_err = str(stderr.read().decode())
if not res_err:
    print(result)
else:
    print(res_err)
#关闭链接
ssh.close()

通过SSHClient封装Transport连接

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#通过SSHClient封装Transport
import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.151.100', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', password = '111111')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

print(str(stdout.read().decode()))

transport.close()

基于公钥秘钥连接

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#基于公钥秘钥连接
import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file("/root/.ssh/id_rsa")

#创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
#允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
#连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.151.100', port = 22, username = 'root', passwoed = '111111')

#执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

result = str(stdout.read().decode())
res_err = str(stderr.read().decode())
#关闭连接
ssh.close()

通过SSHClient封装Transport来连接

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import paramiko
#通过SSHClient封装Transport来连接
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file("/root/.ssh/id_rsa")

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.151.100', 22))
transport.connect(uername = 'root', pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

print(srt(stdout.read().decode()))
transport.close()

基于私钥字符串进行连接

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#基于私钥字符串进行连接
import paramiko
from io import StringIO

key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.151.100', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

result = str(stdout.read().decode())
print(result)

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码的上传和下载

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#基于用户密码上传下载
import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.151.100', 22))
transport.connect(username = 'root', password =  '111111')

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
#将 location.py上传之服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py','/tmp/test.py')
#将 remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

基于公钥秘钥上传下载

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#基于公钥秘钥上传下载
import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.151.100', 22))
transport.connect(username = 'root', password = "111111")

sftp = patamiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
#将 location.py上传之服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py','/tmp/test.py')
#将 remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

一个例子

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import paramiko
import uuid

class Haproxy(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.host = '192.168.151.100'
        self.port = 22
        self.username = 'root'
        self.pwd = '111111'
        self.__k = None

    def create_file(self):
        file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
        with open(file_name, 'w') as f:
            f.write('lalala')
        return file_name

    def run(self):
        self.connect()
        self.upload()
        self.rename()
        self.close()

    def connect(self)
        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))
        transport.connect(username = self.username, password = self.pwd)
        self.__transport = transport

    def close(self):
        self.__transport.close()

    def upload(self):
        #连接上传
        file_name = self.create_file()
        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
        #将本地文件上传之服务器
        sftp.put(file_name, '/home/username/xxxx.py')

    def rename(self):
        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh._transport = self.__transport
        #执行命令
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/username/lalala.py /home/username/yayaya.py')
        #获取命令结果
        reslut = stdout.read()

ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()