ubuntu20.04配置samba实现与windows10文件共享

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-26 11:47:12 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-05-26 11:47:12 发布

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分类专栏：运维文章标签： ubuntu linux samba

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/kevin_scott/article/details/120002978

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本文档详细介绍了在Ubuntu上安装Samba、关闭防火墙、设置用户密码、创建共享目录、配置Samba服务的步骤，并给出了在Windows客户端连接时的注意事项。在安装过程中遇到的依赖问题通过清理dpkg信息并重新安装解决，服务重启时遇到的被屏蔽问题通过取消屏蔽并重启服务解决。此外，还指出了Windows网络发现关闭和身份验证错误的解决方法，包括修改本地组策略以允许不安全的来宾登录。

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1.ubuntu安装samba

sudo apt-get install samba

2.ubuntu关闭防火墙

sudo ufw  disable //关闭防火墙

//用如下命令查看确认是否关闭
sudo ufw status  //查看防火墙的状态

3.设置用户密码，客户端通过samba进行认证的用户必须首先是Linux系统中的用户, （可以新建用户，也可以用已经存在的账户）sambe密码用smbpasswd命令进行设置

sudo smbpasswd -a <username>

4.创建共享的文件目录

sudo mkdir /home/<username>/workspace
# 需要确保用户<username>有访问该目录的权限, 否则会导致没有权限进行访问

5.配置samba

sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

在文件的末尾添加如下内容

[workspace]
   comment = share folder with usrname and passwd
   path = /home/<username>/workspace
   available = yes
   browseable = yes
#   public = yes
#   writeable = yes
   read only = no

6.重启samba服务

sudo systemctl restart smbd

7.Windows10 客户端连接

注意地址是ubuntu的ip地址，后面的名字必须和smb.conf中[]添加的一致, 例如此处添加的是workspace

配置过程中遇到的问题:

1. samba 安装失败，报错信息如下

Setting up python3-ldb (2:2.0.10-0ubuntu0.20.04.3) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba-common-bin:
 samba-common-bin depends on samba-common (= 2:4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.10);
 however:  Package samba-common is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package samba-common-bin (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up python3-dnspython (1.16.0-1build1) ...
No apport report written because the error message 
indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                       Setting up samba-dsdb-modules:amd64 (2:4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.10) ...
Setting up python3-samba (2:4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.10) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba:
 samba depends on samba-common (= 2:4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.10); however:
  Package samba-common is not configured yet.
 samba depends on samba-common-bin (= 2:4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.10); however:
  Package samba-common-bin is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up librdmacm1:amd64 (28.0-1ubuntu1) ...
No apport report written because the error message 
indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          Setting up librados2 (15.2.13-0ubuntu0.20.04.2) ...
Setting up libcephfs2 (15.2.13-0ubuntu0.20.04.2) ...
Setting up python3-packaging (20.3-1) ...
Setting up python3-markdown (3.1.1-3) ...
Processing triggers for ufw (0.36-6) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.11) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 samba-common
 samba-common-bin
 samba
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

通过执行下面的命令可以解决该问题：

$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/ /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/
$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info/
$ sudo apt-get update
...
$ sudo apt-get -f install
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree
    Reading state information... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    7 not fully installed or removed.
    After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
    Setting up bluez (4.101-0ubuntu13.1) ...
    Setting up blueman (1.23-git201403102151-1ubuntu1) ...
    Setting up bluetooth (4.101-0ubuntu13.1) ...
    Setting up bluez-alsa:amd64 (4.101-0ubuntu13.1) ...
    Setting up bluez-alsa:i386 (4.101-0ubuntu13.1) ...
    Setting up bluez-gstreamer (4.101-0ubuntu13.1) ...
    Setting up bluez-utils (4.101-0ubuntu13.1) ...
$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info
$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/ /var/lib/dpkg/info/

2.重启samba服务的时候报错：Failed to restart smbd.service: Unit smbd.service is masked.

用如下命令重启服务

systemctl  unmask smbd.service
systemctl  start smbd.service
systemctl  mask  smbd.service
sudo service smbd restart

3.windows连接的时候网络发现关闭

(ps:此图中的share是最初实验用的路径)

需要打开网络发现

4.开启网络发现之后刚才的错误消失，但是依然会报错：“你不能访问此共享文件夹，因为你组织的安全策略阻止未经身份验证的来宾访

需要修改Win10 网络策略
按window+R键输入gpedit.msc 来启动本地组策略编辑器。
依次找到“计算机配置-管理模板-网络-Lanman工作站”这个节点，在右侧内容区可以看到“启用不安全的来宾登录”这一条策略设置。状态是“未配置”。
双击“启用不安全的来宾登录”这一条策略设置，将其状态修改为“已启用”并单击确定按钮。
设置完成再次尝试访问发现可以正常访问了。