A function to retrieve the directory of a program

本文提供了一种简单的方法来获取程序的运行目录。该方法对于确定配置文件的位置、图像的存储和加载路径等非常有用。通过使用GetModuleFileName函数并进行适当的字符串处理,可以确保即使在用户更改文件对话框中的目录时也能准确地获取程序所在目录。

I've needed to get the directory a program was running several times. I've used it to determine where configuration files could be found. I've used it for determining where images should be stored/loaded. I've also had to write it from scratch several times :( . I'm submitting it here so hopefully someone else doesn't have to figure it out themselves.

I've found that using _getcwd isn't accurate whenever the user is allowed to use the file dialogs to open or save files. If they move to a different directory in the file dialogs, the current working directory is changed as well

CString GetProgramDir()
{
    CString RtnVal;
    char    FileName[MAX_PATH];
    GetModuleFileName(AfxGetInstanceHandle(), FileName, MAX_PATH);
    RtnVal = FileName;
    RtnVal = RtnVal.Left(RtnVal.ReverseFind('//'));
    return RtnVal;
}

It's not much, but I've found it helpful and hope that someone else will as well.

http://www.codeproject.com/tips/programdir.asp?df=100&forumid=3336&exp=0&select=121652

LM Studio的logs报警如下 Developer Logs 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [DEBUG] Received request: POST to /v1/chat/completions with body { "messages": [ { "role": "system", "content": "Analyze if this message indicates a new conversati... <Truncated in logs> ... false). Only include these fields, no other text." }, { "role": "user", "content": "你好" } ], "model": "qwen3-coder-30b", "max_tokens": 4096, "stream": true, "stream_options": { "include_usage": true }, "temperature": 0 } 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [INFO] [LM STUDIO SERVER] Running chat completion on conversation with 2 messages. 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [INFO] [LM STUDIO SERVER] Streaming response... 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [DEBUG] Received request: POST to /v1/chat/completions with body { "messages": [ { "role": "system", "content": "You are Claude Code, Anthropic's official CLI for ... <Truncated in logs> ...unction in src/services/process.ts:712.\n</example>" }, { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "text", "text": "<system-reminder>\nThis is a reminder that your tod... <Truncated in logs> ...ntion this message to the user.\n</system-reminder>" }, { "type": "text", "text": "你好" } ] } ], "model": "qwen3-coder-30b", "max_tokens": 4096, "stream": true, "stream_options": { "include_usage": true }, "temperature": 1, "tools": [ { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Task", "description": "Launch a new agent to handle complex, multi-step t... <Truncated in logs> ...the with the greeting-responder agent\"\n</example>\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "description": { "type": "string", "description": "A short (3-5 word) description of the task" }, "prompt": { "type": "string", "description": "The task for the agent to perform" }, "subagent_type": { "type": "string", "description": "The type of specialized agent to use for this task" } }, "required": [ "description", "prompt", "subagent_type" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Bash", "description": "Executes a given bash command in a persistent shel... <Truncated in logs> ...Github PR: gh api repos/foo/bar/pulls/123/comments", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "command": { "type": "string", "description": "The command to execute" }, "timeout": { "type": "number", "description": "Optional timeout in milliseconds (max 600000)" }, "description": { "type": "string", "description": "Clear, concise description of what this command do... <Truncated in logs> ...s\n\nInput: mkdir foo\nOutput: Create directory 'foo'" }, "run_in_background": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Set to true to run this command in the background. Use BashOutput to read the output later." } }, "required": [ "command" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Glob", "description": "- Fast file pattern matching tool that works with ... <Truncated in logs> ...arches in parallel if they are potentially useful.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "pattern": { "type": "string", "description": "The glob pattern to match files against" }, "path": { "type": "string", "description": "The directory to search in. If not specified, the ... <Truncated in logs> ...avior. Must be a valid directory path if provided." } }, "required": [ "pattern" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Grep", "description": "A powerful search tool built on ripgrep\n\n Usage:\n... <Truncated in logs> ...e `struct \\{[\\s\\S]*?field`, use `multiline: true`\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "pattern": { "type": "string", "description": "The regular expression pattern to search for in file contents" }, "path": { "type": "string", "description": "File or directory to search in (rg PATH). Defaults to current working directory." }, "glob": { "type": "string", "description": "Glob pattern to filter files (e.g. \"*.js\", \"*.{ts,tsx}\") - maps to rg --glob" }, "output_mode": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "content", "files_with_matches", "count" ], "description": "Output mode: \"content\" shows matching lines (suppo... <Truncated in logs> ...rts head_limit). Defaults to \"files_with_matches\"." }, "-B": { "type": "number", "description": "Number of lines to show before each match (rg -B). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-A": { "type": "number", "description": "Number of lines to show after each match (rg -A). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-C": { "type": "number", "description": "Number of lines to show before and after each match (rg -C). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-n": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Show line numbers in output (rg -n). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-i": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Case insensitive search (rg -i)" }, "type": { "type": "string", "description": "File type to search (rg --type). Common types: js,... <Truncated in logs> ...re efficient than include for standard file types." }, "head_limit": { "type": "number", "description": "Limit output to first N lines/entries, equivalent ... <Truncated in logs> ... When unspecified, shows all results from ripgrep." }, "multiline": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Enable multiline mode where . matches newlines and patterns can span lines (rg -U --multiline-dotall). Default: false." } }, "required": [ "pattern" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "ExitPlanMode", "description": "Use this tool when you are in plan mode and have f... <Truncated in logs> ...ed planning the implementation steps of the task.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "plan": { "type": "string", "description": "The plan you came up with, that you want to run by... <Truncated in logs> ...ports markdown. The plan should be pretty concise." } }, "required": [ "plan" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Read", "description": "Reads a file from the local filesystem. You can ac... <Truncated in logs> ...system reminder warning in place of file contents.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "file_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the file to read" }, "offset": { "type": "number", "description": "The line number to start reading from. Only provide if the file is too large to read at once" }, "limit": { "type": "number", "description": "The number of lines to read. Only provide if the file is too large to read at once." } }, "required": [ "file_path" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Edit", "description": "Performs exact string replacements in files. \n\nUsa... <Truncated in logs> ...ful if you want to rename a variable for instance.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "file_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the file to modify" }, "old_string": { "type": "string", "description": "The text to replace" }, "new_string": { "type": "string", "description": "The text to replace it with (must be different from old_string)" }, "replace_all": { "type": "boolean", "default": false, "description": "Replace all occurences of old_string (default false)" } }, "required": [ "file_path", "old_string", "new_string" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Write", "description": "Writes a file to the local filesystem.\n\nUsage:\n- T... <Truncated in logs> ...ts it. Avoid writing emojis to files unless asked.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "file_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the file to write (must be absolute, not relative)" }, "content": { "type": "string", "description": "The content to write to the file" } }, "required": [ "file_path", "content" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "NotebookEdit", "description": "Completely replaces the contents of a specific cel... <Truncated in logs> ...te the cell at the index specified by cell_number.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "notebook_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the Jupyter notebook file to edit (must be absolute, not relative)" }, "cell_id": { "type": "string", "description": "The ID of the cell to edit. When inserting a new c... <Truncated in logs> ...ith this ID, or at the beginning if not specified." }, "new_source": { "type": "string", "description": "The new source for the cell" }, "cell_type": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "code", "markdown" ], "description": "The type of the cell (code or markdown). If not sp... <Truncated in logs> ...type. If using edit_mode=insert, this is required." }, "edit_mode": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "replace", "insert", "delete" ], "description": "The type of edit to make (replace, insert, delete). Defaults to replace." } }, "required": [ "notebook_path", "new_source" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "WebFetch", "description": "\n- Fetches content from a specified URL and proces... <Truncated in logs> ...quest with the redirect URL to fetch the content.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string", "format": "uri", "description": "The URL to fetch content from" }, "prompt": { "type": "string", "description": "The prompt to run on the fetched content" } }, "required": [ "url", "prompt" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "TodoWrite", "description": "Use this tool to create and manage a structured ta... <Truncated in logs> ...sures you complete all requirements successfully.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "todos": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "content": { "type": "string", "minLength": 1 }, "status": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "pending", "in_progress", "completed" ] }, "activeForm": { "type": "string", "minLength": 1 } }, "required": [ "content", "status", "activeForm" ], "additionalProperties": false }, "description": "The updated todo list" } }, "required": [ "todos" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "WebSearch", "description": "\n- Allows Claude to search the web and use the res... <Truncated in logs> ...s, do not use 2024 in the search query. Use 2025.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "query": { "type": "string", "minLength": 2, "description": "The search query to use" }, "allowed_domains": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Only include search results from these domains" }, "blocked_domains": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Never include search results from these domains" } }, "required": [ "query" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "BashOutput", "description": "\n- Retrieves output from a running or completed ba... <Truncated in logs> ... Shell IDs can be found using the /bashes command\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "bash_id": { "type": "string", "description": "The ID of the background shell to retrieve output from" }, "filter": { "type": "string", "description": "Optional regular expression to filter the output l... <Truncated in logs> ... do not match will no longer be available to read." } }, "required": [ "bash_id" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "KillShell", "description": "\n- Kills a running background bash shell by its ID... <Truncated in logs> ... Shell IDs can be found using the /bashes command\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "shell_id": { "type": "string", "description": "The ID of the background shell to kill" } }, "required": [ "shell_id" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "SlashCommand", "description": "Execute a slash command within the main conversati... <Truncated in logs> ...heck the slash command file and consult the docs.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "command": { "type": "string", "description": "The slash command to execute with its arguments, e.g., \"/review-pr 123\"" } }, "required": [ "command" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } } ] } 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [INFO] [LM STUDIO SERVER] Running chat completion on conversation with 2 messages. 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [INFO] [LM STUDIO SERVER] Streaming response... 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [DEBUG] Sampling params: repeat_last_n = 64, repeat_penalty = 1.050, frequency_penalty = 0.000, presence_penalty = 0.000 dry_multiplier = 0.000, dry_base = 1.750, dry_allowed_length = 2, dry_penalty_last_n = -1 top_k = 20, top_p = 0.800, min_p = 0.050, xtc_probability = 0.000, xtc_threshold = 0.100, typical_p = 1.000, top_n_sigma = -1.000, temp = 0.000 mirostat = 0, mirostat_lr = 0.100, mirostat_ent = 5.000 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [DEBUG] Sampling: logits -> logit-bias -> penalties -> dry -> top-n-sigma -> top-k -> typical -> top-p -> min-p -> xtc -> temp-ext -> dist Generate: n_ctx = 4096, n_batch = 512, n_predict = 4096, n_keep = 85 2025-10-06 09:03:04 [DEBUG] Looking for non-prefix contiguous prompt sequences of size >= 256 to reuse from cache Cache reuse summary: 1/85 of prompt (1.17647%), 1 prefix, 0 non-prefix Total prompt tokens: 85 Prompt tokens to decode: 84 BeginProcessingPrompt 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] FinishedProcessingPrompt. Progress: 100 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] Target model llama_perf stats: llama_perf_sampler_print: sampling time = 7.39 ms / 101 runs ( 0.07 ms per token, 13670.82 tokens per second) llama_perf_context_print: load time = 14685.56 ms llama_perf_context_print: prompt eval time = 884.78 ms / 84 tokens ( 10.53 ms per token, 94.94 tokens per second) llama_perf_context_print: eval time = 312.98 ms / 15 runs ( 20.87 ms per token, 47.93 tokens per second) llama_perf_context_print: total time = 1208.32 ms / 99 tokens llama_perf_context_print: graphs reused = 14 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] llama_memory_breakdown_print: | memory breakdown [MiB] | total free self model context compute unaccounted | llama_memory_breakdown_print: | - Vulkan0 (Pro VII) | 16368 = 15956 + (9297 = 9013 + 200 + 84) + 17592186035530 | llama_memory_breakdown_print: | - Vulkan1 (Pro VII) | 16368 = 15956 + (9068 = 8583 + 184 + 300) + 17592186035759 | llama_memory_breakdown_print: | - Host | 178 = 166 + 0 + 12 | 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [INFO] Finished streaming response 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] Sampling params: repeat_last_n = 64, repeat_penalty = 1.050, frequency_penalty = 0.000, presence_penalty = 0.000 dry_multiplier = 0.000, dry_base = 1.750, dry_allowed_length = 2, dry_penalty_last_n = -1 top_k = 20, top_p = 0.800, min_p = 0.050, xtc_probability = 0.000, xtc_threshold = 0.100, typical_p = 1.000, top_n_sigma = -1.000, temp = 1.000 mirostat = 0, mirostat_lr = 0.100, mirostat_ent = 5.000 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] Sampling: logits -> logit-bias -> penalties -> dry -> top-n-sigma -> top-k -> typical -> top-p -> min-p -> xtc -> temp-ext -> dist Generate: n_ctx = 4096, n_batch = 512, n_predict = 4096, n_keep = 12991 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] [LLM Engine bindings] PredictWorker::Execute - caught exception: Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] [lmstudio-llama-cpp] Error in predictTokens: Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] 1 Error predicting: _0x58de9f [Error]: Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input at _0x50fca4.LLMEngineWrapper.predictTokens (D:\Program Files\LM Studio\resources\app\.webpack\lib\llmworker.js:85:30026) at async _0x30a92f.predictTokens (D:\Program Files\LM Studio\resources\app\.webpack\lib\llmworker.js:113:13964) at async _0x30a92f.handleMessage (D:\Program Files\LM Studio\resources\app\.webpack\lib\llmworker.js:113:2991) { cause: undefined, suggestion: undefined, errorData: undefined, data: undefined, displayData: undefined, title: 'Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input' } 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [ERROR] Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input. Error Data: n/a, Additional Data: n/a 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [DEBUG] Received request: POST to /v1/chat/completions with body { "messages": [ { "role": "system", "content": "You are Claude Code, Anthropic's official CLI for ... <Truncated in logs> ...unction in src/services/process.ts:712.\n</example>" }, { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "text", "text": "<system-reminder>\nThis is a reminder that your tod... <Truncated in logs> ...ntion this message to the user.\n</system-reminder>" }, { "type": "text", "text": "你好" } ] } ], "model": "qwen3-coder-30b", "max_tokens": 4096, "stream": false, "temperature": 1, "tools": [ { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Task", "description": "Launch a new agent to handle complex, multi-step t... <Truncated in logs> ...the with the greeting-responder agent\"\n</example>\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "description": { "type": "string", "description": "A short (3-5 word) description of the task" }, "prompt": { "type": "string", "description": "The task for the agent to perform" }, "subagent_type": { "type": "string", "description": "The type of specialized agent to use for this task" } }, "required": [ "description", "prompt", "subagent_type" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Bash", "description": "Executes a given bash command in a persistent shel... <Truncated in logs> ...Github PR: gh api repos/foo/bar/pulls/123/comments", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "command": { "type": "string", "description": "The command to execute" }, "timeout": { "type": "number", "description": "Optional timeout in milliseconds (max 600000)" }, "description": { "type": "string", "description": "Clear, concise description of what this command do... <Truncated in logs> ...s\n\nInput: mkdir foo\nOutput: Create directory 'foo'" }, "run_in_background": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Set to true to run this command in the background. Use BashOutput to read the output later." } }, "required": [ "command" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Glob", "description": "- Fast file pattern matching tool that works with ... <Truncated in logs> ...arches in parallel if they are potentially useful.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "pattern": { "type": "string", "description": "The glob pattern to match files against" }, "path": { "type": "string", "description": "The directory to search in. If not specified, the ... <Truncated in logs> ...avior. Must be a valid directory path if provided." } }, "required": [ "pattern" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Grep", "description": "A powerful search tool built on ripgrep\n\n Usage:\n... <Truncated in logs> ...e `struct \\{[\\s\\S]*?field`, use `multiline: true`\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "pattern": { "type": "string", "description": "The regular expression pattern to search for in file contents" }, "path": { "type": "string", "description": "File or directory to search in (rg PATH). Defaults to current working directory." }, "glob": { "type": "string", "description": "Glob pattern to filter files (e.g. \"*.js\", \"*.{ts,tsx}\") - maps to rg --glob" }, "output_mode": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "content", "files_with_matches", "count" ], "description": "Output mode: \"content\" shows matching lines (suppo... <Truncated in logs> ...rts head_limit). Defaults to \"files_with_matches\"." }, "-B": { "type": "number", "description": "Number of lines to show before each match (rg -B). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-A": { "type": "number", "description": "Number of lines to show after each match (rg -A). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-C": { "type": "number", "description": "Number of lines to show before and after each match (rg -C). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-n": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Show line numbers in output (rg -n). Requires output_mode: \"content\", ignored otherwise." }, "-i": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Case insensitive search (rg -i)" }, "type": { "type": "string", "description": "File type to search (rg --type). Common types: js,... <Truncated in logs> ...re efficient than include for standard file types." }, "head_limit": { "type": "number", "description": "Limit output to first N lines/entries, equivalent ... <Truncated in logs> ... When unspecified, shows all results from ripgrep." }, "multiline": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Enable multiline mode where . matches newlines and patterns can span lines (rg -U --multiline-dotall). Default: false." } }, "required": [ "pattern" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "ExitPlanMode", "description": "Use this tool when you are in plan mode and have f... <Truncated in logs> ...ed planning the implementation steps of the task.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "plan": { "type": "string", "description": "The plan you came up with, that you want to run by... <Truncated in logs> ...ports markdown. The plan should be pretty concise." } }, "required": [ "plan" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Read", "description": "Reads a file from the local filesystem. You can ac... <Truncated in logs> ...system reminder warning in place of file contents.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "file_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the file to read" }, "offset": { "type": "number", "description": "The line number to start reading from. Only provide if the file is too large to read at once" }, "limit": { "type": "number", "description": "The number of lines to read. Only provide if the file is too large to read at once." } }, "required": [ "file_path" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Edit", "description": "Performs exact string replacements in files. \n\nUsa... <Truncated in logs> ...ful if you want to rename a variable for instance.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "file_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the file to modify" }, "old_string": { "type": "string", "description": "The text to replace" }, "new_string": { "type": "string", "description": "The text to replace it with (must be different from old_string)" }, "replace_all": { "type": "boolean", "default": false, "description": "Replace all occurences of old_string (default false)" } }, "required": [ "file_path", "old_string", "new_string" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "Write", "description": "Writes a file to the local filesystem.\n\nUsage:\n- T... <Truncated in logs> ...ts it. Avoid writing emojis to files unless asked.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "file_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the file to write (must be absolute, not relative)" }, "content": { "type": "string", "description": "The content to write to the file" } }, "required": [ "file_path", "content" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "NotebookEdit", "description": "Completely replaces the contents of a specific cel... <Truncated in logs> ...te the cell at the index specified by cell_number.", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "notebook_path": { "type": "string", "description": "The absolute path to the Jupyter notebook file to edit (must be absolute, not relative)" }, "cell_id": { "type": "string", "description": "The ID of the cell to edit. When inserting a new c... <Truncated in logs> ...ith this ID, or at the beginning if not specified." }, "new_source": { "type": "string", "description": "The new source for the cell" }, "cell_type": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "code", "markdown" ], "description": "The type of the cell (code or markdown). If not sp... <Truncated in logs> ...type. If using edit_mode=insert, this is required." }, "edit_mode": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "replace", "insert", "delete" ], "description": "The type of edit to make (replace, insert, delete). Defaults to replace." } }, "required": [ "notebook_path", "new_source" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "WebFetch", "description": "\n- Fetches content from a specified URL and proces... <Truncated in logs> ...quest with the redirect URL to fetch the content.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string", "format": "uri", "description": "The URL to fetch content from" }, "prompt": { "type": "string", "description": "The prompt to run on the fetched content" } }, "required": [ "url", "prompt" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "TodoWrite", "description": "Use this tool to create and manage a structured ta... <Truncated in logs> ...sures you complete all requirements successfully.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "todos": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "content": { "type": "string", "minLength": 1 }, "status": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "pending", "in_progress", "completed" ] }, "activeForm": { "type": "string", "minLength": 1 } }, "required": [ "content", "status", "activeForm" ], "additionalProperties": false }, "description": "The updated todo list" } }, "required": [ "todos" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "WebSearch", "description": "\n- Allows Claude to search the web and use the res... <Truncated in logs> ...s, do not use 2024 in the search query. Use 2025.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "query": { "type": "string", "minLength": 2, "description": "The search query to use" }, "allowed_domains": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Only include search results from these domains" }, "blocked_domains": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Never include search results from these domains" } }, "required": [ "query" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "BashOutput", "description": "\n- Retrieves output from a running or completed ba... <Truncated in logs> ... Shell IDs can be found using the /bashes command\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "bash_id": { "type": "string", "description": "The ID of the background shell to retrieve output from" }, "filter": { "type": "string", "description": "Optional regular expression to filter the output l... <Truncated in logs> ... do not match will no longer be available to read." } }, "required": [ "bash_id" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "KillShell", "description": "\n- Kills a running background bash shell by its ID... <Truncated in logs> ... Shell IDs can be found using the /bashes command\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "shell_id": { "type": "string", "description": "The ID of the background shell to kill" } }, "required": [ "shell_id" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } }, { "type": "function", "function": { "name": "SlashCommand", "description": "Execute a slash command within the main conversati... <Truncated in logs> ...heck the slash command file and consult the docs.\n", "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "command": { "type": "string", "description": "The slash command to execute with its arguments, e.g., \"/review-pr 123\"" } }, "required": [ "command" ], "additionalProperties": false, "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" } } } ] } 2025-10-06 09:03:05 [INFO] [LM STUDIO SERVER] Running chat completion on conversation with 2 messages. 2025-10-06 09:03:06 [DEBUG] Sampling params: repeat_last_n = 64, repeat_penalty = 1.050, frequency_penalty = 0.000, presence_penalty = 0.000 dry_multiplier = 0.000, dry_base = 1.750, dry_allowed_length = 2, dry_penalty_last_n = -1 top_k = 20, top_p = 0.800, min_p = 0.050, xtc_probability = 0.000, xtc_threshold = 0.100, typical_p = 1.000, top_n_sigma = -1.000, temp = 1.000 mirostat = 0, mirostat_lr = 0.100, mirostat_ent = 5.000 Sampling: logits -> logit-bias -> penalties -> dry -> top-n-sigma -> top-k -> typical -> top-p -> min-p -> xtc -> temp-ext -> dist Generate: n_ctx = 4096, n_batch = 512, n_predict = 4096, n_keep = 12991 2025-10-06 09:03:06 [DEBUG] [LLM Engine bindings] PredictWorker::Execute - caught exception: Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input 2025-10-06 09:03:06 [DEBUG] [lmstudio-llama-cpp] Error in predictTokens: Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input 1 Error predicting: _0x58de9f [Error]: Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input at _0x50fca4.LLMEngineWrapper.predictTokens (D:\Program Files\LM Studio\resources\app\.webpack\lib\llmworker.js:85:30026) at async _0x30a92f.predictTokens (D:\Program Files\LM Studio\resources\app\.webpack\lib\llmworker.js:113:13964) at async _0x30a92f.handleMessage (D:\Program Files\LM Studio\resources\app\.webpack\lib\llmworker.js:113:2991) { cause: undefined, suggestion: undefined, errorData: undefined, data: undefined, displayData: undefined, title: 'Trying to keep the first 12991 tokens when context the overflows. However, the model is loaded with context length of only 4096 tokens, which is not enough. Try to load the model with a larger context length, or provide a shorter input' } 2025-10-06 09:03:06 [ERROR] Error: Channel Error
10-07
根据原作 https://pan.quark.cn/s/459657bcfd45 的源码改编 Classic-ML-Methods-Algo 引言 建立这个项目,是为了梳理和总结传统机器学习(Machine Learning)方法(methods)或者算法(algo),和各位同仁相互学习交流. 现在的深度学习本质上来自于传统的神经网络模型,很大程度上是传统机器学习的延续,同时也在不少时候需要结合传统方法来实现. 任何机器学习方法基本的流程结构都是通用的;使用的评价方法也基本通用;使用的一些数学知识也是通用的. 本文在梳理传统机器学习方法算法的同时也会顺便补充这些流程,数学上的知识以供参考. 机器学习 机器学习是人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)的一个分支,也是实现人工智能最重要的手段.区别于传统的基于规则(rule-based)的算法,机器学习可以从数据中获取知识,从而实现规定的任务[Ian Goodfellow and Yoshua Bengio and Aaron Courville的Deep Learning].这些知识可以分为四种: 总结(summarization) 预测(prediction) 估计(estimation) 假想验证(hypothesis testing) 机器学习主要关心的是预测[Varian在Big Data : New Tricks for Econometrics],预测的可以是连续性的输出变量,分类,聚类或者物品之间的有趣关联. 机器学习分类 根据数据配置(setting,是否有标签,可以是连续的也可以是离散的)和任务目标,我们可以将机器学习方法分为四种: 无监督(unsupervised) 训练数据没有给定...
<think>首先,用户的问题是关于SQLMap的错误:"unable to retrieve the number of databases"。这是在渗透测试中使用SQLMap时遇到的常见问题。用户提到在之前的引用中,有类似的问题,比如无法检索表名或列名,但那些是具体针对表'flag'的。 我的回答需要结构化,帮助用户逐步解决问题。确保回答真实可靠,基于SQLMap的常见故障排除方法。 关键点: - 错误信息:"unable to retrieve the number of databases" - 可能的原因:包括注入点检测不准确、WAF/防火墙干扰、SQLMap选项不当、目标数据库配置等。 - 解决方案:调整SQLMap命令、使用选项绕过保护、手动验证注入点等。 结构化回答: 1. **理解问题**:解释错误含义。 2. **常见原因**:列出可能的原因。 3. **解决方案**:提供逐步的解决方法。 4. **预防措施**:如何避免类似问题。 5. **生成相关问题**:根据系统指令,添加相关问题。 参考提供的引用: - 引用[1]:用户更改命令顺序解决了问题,但这里是针对特定表。 - 引用[2]:爆破列名的方法。 - 引用[3]:手动注入的尝试。 这些引用不是直接针对数据库数量的问题,但可以借鉴思路:调整命令、使用选项如--hex、手动验证。 最终回答要使用中文,并自然地添加引用标识。 系统指令要求: - 行内数学表达式用$...$,但这里可能不需要数学,因为主题是SQL注入。 - 独立公式用$$...$$,同样可能不适用。 - LaTeX语法正确。 - 使用中文回答。 - 生成相关问题。 - 引用段落末尾添加引用标识,如[^1]。 生成相关问题: - 基于SQLMap的常见错误。 - 例如: 1. 如何绕过WAF进行SQL注入测试? 2. SQLMap的其他常见错误及解决方法? 3. 手动SQL注入的基本步骤是什么? 回答结构: - 引言:确认问题。 - 原因分析。 - 解决方案步骤。 - 总结。 - 相关问题。</think>### SQLMap错误“unable to retrieve the number of databases”的解决方案 在使用SQLMap进行渗透测试时,遇到“unable to retrieve the number of databases”错误是常见问题。这通常表示SQLMap无法成功枚举数据库数量,可能由于注入点检测失败、目标防护机制(如WAF或防火墙)干扰、SQLMap选项配置不当或数据库自身限制所致。下面我将逐步分析原因并提供可靠解决方案,帮助您高效解决此问题。 #### 错误原因分析 1. **注入点检测不准确**:SQLMap可能未正确识别注入点,导致后续查询失败。例如,目标URL的参数可能被编码或过滤,使SQLMap无法触发有效注入。 2. **防护机制干扰**:目标服务器可能部署了Web应用防火墙(WAF)、IPS/IDS系统或速率限制,这些会阻断SQLMap的探测请求。引用中提到的“命令顺序更改”和“手动注入尝试”就暗示了类似问题[^1][^3]。 3. **SQLMap选项不当**:命令中缺少关键选项(如绕过防护的`--tamper`或`--random-agent`),或使用了不兼容的参数组合。 4. **数据库连接问题**:目标数据库可能拒绝外部连接,或SQLMap无法处理特定数据库类型(如MySQL、MSSQL等)。 5. **会话或缓存问题**:之前的失败请求可能导致SQLMap会话状态混乱,影响新查询。 #### 逐步解决方案 以下是经过验证的解决方法,按优先级排序。建议从简单步骤开始测试,逐步深入。 1. **验证注入点并调整URL格式** - 确保目标URL正确,参数可注入。手动测试注入点:例如,在浏览器中访问`http://example.com/?id=1' AND 1=1--+`和`http://example.com/?id=1' AND 1=2--+`,观察响应差异(如页面内容变化)。如果手动注入成功但SQLMap失败,说明SQLMap需要额外选项。 - 在SQLMap命令中添加`--string`或`--not-string`选项指定响应特征,帮助SQLMap识别注入点。例如: ```bash sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=1" --string "welcome" --dbs ``` 这里`--string "welcome"`指定页面包含“welcome”文本时为有效响应[^3]。 2. **绕过防护机制** - 使用`--tamper`选项应用脚本绕过WAF。常见脚本如`tamper.py`(需下载)或内置的`space2comment`: ```bash sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=1" --tamper=space2comment --dbs ``` - 添加`--random-agent`和`--proxy`选项模拟正常流量: ```bash sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=1" --random-agent --proxy="http://127.0.0.1:8080" --dbs ``` 这能避免被WAF基于User-Agent拦截[^2]。 3. **优化SQLMap命令选项** - 指定数据库类型:如果知道目标数据库(如MySQL),添加`--dbms=mysql`提高准确性。 - 启用详细日志和重试:使用`-v 3`查看详细请求,`--retries=3`增加重试次数。 - 更改命令顺序或目标:如引用[1]所示,调整参数顺序有时有效。尝试: ```bash sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=1" --dbs -v 3 ``` 或直接枚举数据库而不先获取数量: ```bash sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=1" --dbs --hex ``` `--hex`选项对特殊字符编码,避免解析错误[^2]。 4. **处理会话和缓存问题** - 清除旧会话:添加`--flush-session`强制SQLMap忽略缓存数据: ```bash sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=1" --dbs --flush-session ``` - 如果问题持续,手动删除SQLMap输出目录(默认为`~/.sqlmap/output`)。 5. **回退到手动注入** 如果SQLMap完全失败,参考引用[3]进行手动注入: - 确定列数:`http://example.com/?id=1' ORDER BY 3--+`(测试直到出错)。 - 获取回显点:`http://example.com/?id=1' UNION SELECT 1,database(),3--+`。 - 手动查询数据库数量:`http://example.com/?id=1' UNION SELECT 1,COUNT(*),3 FROM information_schema.schemata--+`。 这能验证注入点是否有效,并为SQLMap提供线索[^3]。 #### 预防和最佳实践 - **测试环境模拟**:在本地搭建类似环境(如DVWA)测试命令,避免直接攻击生产系统。 - **逐步升级命令**:从简单选项开始(如`--dbs`),逐步添加复杂选项(如`--tamper`)。 - **监控网络流量**:使用Burp Suite或Wireshark分析SQLMap请求是否被拦截。 - **更新工具**:确保使用最新版SQLMap(GitHub定期更新),旧版本可能有已知bug。 如果以上步骤无效,请提供更多细节(如完整命令、错误日志和目标URL示例),我将进一步协助分析。
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