cassandra install & troubleshooting

1.安装相对应版本的JDK

转自http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/snowdream86/article/details/6677450

The version number shown describes the version of the JRE the class file is compatible with.

The reported major numbers are:

J2SE 8 = 52,
J2SE 7 = 51,
J2SE 6.0 = 50,
J2SE 5.0 = 49,
JDK 1.4 = 48,
JDK 1.3 = 47,
JDK 1.2 = 46,
JDK 1.1 = 45

(source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_class_file )

第一步：下载jdk-7-linux-i586.tar.gz

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1. wget -c http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7/jdk-7-linux-i586.tar.gz  

(注：如果下载不下来，建议使用迅雷下载，然后拷贝到Linux系统上。)

第二步：解压安装

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1. sudo tar zxvf ./jdk-7-linux-i586.tar.gz  -C /usr/lib/jvm  
2. cd /usr/lib/jvm  
3. sudo mv jdk1.7.0/ java-7-sun  

第三步：修改环境变量

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1. vim ~/.bashrc  

添加：

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1. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun  
2. export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre  
3. export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib  
4. export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH  

保存退出，输入以下命令使之立即生效。

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1. source ~/.bashrc  

第四步：配置默认JDK版本

由于ubuntu中可能会有默认的JDK，如openjdk，所以，为了将我们安装的JDK设置为默认JDK版本，还要进行如下工作。
执行代码:

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1. sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun/bin/java 300  
2. sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun/bin/javac 300  
3. sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun/bin/jar 300   
4. sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javah javah /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun/bin/javah 300   
5. sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun/bin/javap 300   

执行代码：

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1. sudo update-alternatives --config java  

系统会列出各种JDK版本，如下所示：

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1. snowdream@snowdream:~$ sudo update-alternatives --config java  
2. 有 3 个候选项可用于替换 java (提供 /usr/bin/java)。  
3.   
4.   
5.   选择       路径                                    优先级  状态  
6. ------------------------------------------------------------  
7. * 0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/bin/java   1061      自动模式  
8.   1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/bin/java   1061      手动模式  
9.   2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/jre/bin/java       63        手动模式  
10.   3            /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun/bin/java           300       手动模式  
11.   
12.   
13. 要维持当前值[*]请按回车键，或者键入选择的编号：3  
14. update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-sun/bin/java 来提供 /usr/bin/java (java)，于 手动模式 中。  

第五步：测试

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1. snowdream@snowdream:~$ java -version  
2. java version "1.7.0"  
3. Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0-b147)  
4. Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 21.0-b17, mixed mode)  

2.cassandra install 

2.1 from source 

直接下载解压的方式

 

$ mkdir ~/develop

$ tar zxvf apache-cassandra-0.7.4-bin.tar.gz -C ~/develop/

$ cd ~/develop/apache-cassandra-0.7.4

因为我们下载的已经是编译过的二进制版本了，所以不需要再次使用ant编译。

Cassandra要求具备Java环境，且要求在java 1.6以上版本，我比较倾向于使用Sun Java，当然，使用openjdk也是可以的，官方称已经对openjdk做了测试。在Lucid上面安装sun java需要将相应的parterner源写入sources.list。用vi编辑/etc/apt/sources.list，加入下面这行:

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner

之后update一下，使之获取新的更新源，并进行安装，

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk

安装好之后，可通过下面命令查看，说明安装成功

$ java -version

java version "1.6.0_24"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_24-b07)

Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 19.1-b02, mixed mode, sharing)

$ javac -version

javac 1.6.0_24

配置单点cassandra

创建cassandra配置文件cassandra.yaml中需要的路径，为了保证当前用户具有相应权限，更改一下其所有者。

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/cassandra

$ sudo chown -R `whoami` /var/lib/cassandra

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/log/cassandra

$ sudo chown -R `whoami` /var/log/cassandra

由于我是远程登录过去了，防止在cassandra启动之后，输出内容占满了屏幕，启用远程管理利器tmux或screen，之后启动cassandra

$ screen

$ ./bin/cassandra -f

2.2 使用更新源安装cassandra

1)在/etc/apt/source.list中增加cassandra的源:
deb http://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/debian 11x main
deb-src http://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/debian 11x main 

2)添加PUBLIC_KEY

gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys F758CE318D77295D
gpg --export --armor F758CE318D77295D | sudo apt-key add -
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 2B5C1B00
gpg --export --armor 2B5C1B00 | sudo apt-key add -

3)install cassandra
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cassandra

sudo mkdir -p /var/log/cassandra
sudo chown -R `whoami` /var/log/cassandra
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/cassandra
sudo chown -R `whoami` /var/lib/cassandra

4)start cassandra
sudo cassandra -f

4.a)自动启动cassandra
/etc/init.d/cassandra start
/etc/init.d/cassandra status
关闭cassandra
sudo /etc/init.d/cassandra stop

5) test cassandra

ps auwx | grep cassandra

cassandra-cli
Connected to: "Test Cluster" on 127.0.0.1/9160Welcome to Cassandra CLI version 1.0.7Type 'help;' or '?' for help.Type 'quit;' or 'exit;' to quit.[default@unknown] 

6) 配置文件
The configuration files are located in /etc/cassandra 
Start-up options (heap size, etc) can be configured in /etc/default/cassandra

参考：
http://dmyz.org/archives/404
http://www.oschina.net/question/12_63305
http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/GettingStarted

3. TroubleShooting

3.1 Unsupported major.minor version 51.0

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: org/apache/cassandra/service/CassandraDaemon : Unsupported major.minor version 51.0

The reported major numbers are:

J2SE 8 = 52,
J2SE 7 = 51,
J2SE 6.0 = 50,
J2SE 5.0 = 49,
JDK 1.4 = 48,
JDK 1.3 = 47,
JDK 1.2 = 46,
JDK 1.1 = 45

(source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_class_file )

3.2 The stack size specified is too small, Specify at least 228k

xss =  -ea -javaagent:/usr/share/cassandra/lib/jamm-0.2.5.jar -XX:+UseThreadPriorities -XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy=42 -Xms1024M -Xmx1024M -Xmn256M -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Xss180k
The stack size specified is too small, Specify at least 228k
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.

解决办法：

I tracked it down to conf/cassandra-env.sh, and changed the -Xss180k => -Xss228k and the node started.

4 安装 Cassandra 将会创建如下目录

• /var/lib/cassandra (data directories)
• /var/log/cassandra (log directory)
• /var/run/cassandra (runtime files)
• /usr/share/cassandra (environment settings)
• /usr/share/cassandra/lib (JAR files)
• /usr/bin (binary files)
• /usr/sbin
• /etc/cassandra (configuration files)
• /etc/init.d (service startup script)
• /etc/security/limits.d (cassandra user limits)
• /etc/default

在 Linux 平台上安装 JNA (Java Native Access) 会优化 Cassandra 的内存使用，要安装 JNA 很简单，只需要从这里下载 jna.jar 文件，并将这个文件保存到 /usr/share/cassandra/lib 目录即可.