FHS组织(Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Group)

因为Linux是开发source code的系统，所以每一个Linux厂商，（如Redhat、SuSE 、Ubuntu等）都有自己的考虑，会加入和删除一些基本选项后者特殊功能，也因为这样，每一个厂商推出的Linux发行版本（Linux  Disturbution）的目录和数量会存在一些差异，甚至是同样的组件中的某个文件，文件名也会随着版本的不同会有所差异，所以控制权实际是掌握在厂商手里。这样也使的用户使用上带来一些麻烦。

 

    正是基于上面的这些原因，FSH组织应运而生了，该组织定义了一份FHS的公开标准，供各个Linux厂商参考，目的是让所以的linux厂商可以在相同的条件发展自己的application，将该有的dirtectory和file都有可以因为使用同一份标准规范，使用用户都有统一的方式。

 

      The filesystem standard has been designed to be used by Unix distribution developers, package developers, and system implementors. However, it is primarily intended to be a reference and is not a tutorial on how to manage a Unix filesystem or directory hierarchy.

 

This standard enables:
• Software to predict the location of installed files and directories, and
• Users to predict the location of installed files and directories.
We do this by:
• Specifying guiding principles for each area of the filesystem,
• Specifying the minimum files and directories required,
• Enumerating exceptions to the principles, and
• Enumerating specific cases where there has been historical conflict.
The FHS document is used by:
• Independent software suppliers to create applications which are FHS compliant, and work with distributions
which are FHS complaint,
• OS creators to provide systems which are FHS compliant, and
• Users to understand and maintain the FHS compliance of a system.
The FHS document has a limited scope:
• Local placement of local files is a local issue, so FHS does not attempt to usurp system administrators.
• FHS addresses issues where file placements need to be coordinated between multiple parties such as local
sites, distributions, applications, documentation, etc.
1.2. Conventions
We recommend that you read a typeset version of this document rather than the plain text version. In the typeset
version, the names of files and directories are displayed in a constant-width font.
Components of filenames that vary are represented by a description of the contents enclosed in "<" and ">"
characters, <thus>. Electronic mail addresses are also enclosed in "<" and ">" but are shown in the usual
typeface.
Optional components of filenames are enclosed in "[" and "]" characters and may be combined with the "<" and
">" convention. For example, if a filename is allowed to occur either with or without an extension, it might be
represented by <filename>[.<extension>].
Variable substrings of directory names and filenames are indicated by "*".
The sections of the text marked as Rationale are explanatory and are non-normative.

 

 如果你想理解详细的内容，请参考网址如下：

http://proton.pathname.com/fhs/

目前FSH的Release Last Version是2.3 ,release time is 2004.