认识Mycat
Mycat是一款数据库中间件，对于开发透明，可以快速便捷的对数据库进行垂直分库，具备热备份，负载均衡，读写分离的功能，是一款程序的数据库路由
一般试用数据规模比较大的应用，方便对数据库进行拓展。
Mycat下载与安装
linux 服务器直接下载：
wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz
解压安装
tar -xvf Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz
命令启动
[root@crawlerdev bin]# ./mycat start
linux：
./mycat start 启动
./mycat stop 停止
./mycat console 前台运行
./mycat install 添加到系统自动启动（暂未实现）
./mycat remove 取消随系统自动启动（暂未实现）
./mycat restart 重启服务
./mycat pause 暂停
./mycat status 查看启动状态
win：
直接运行startup_nowrap.bat，如果出现闪退，在cmd 命令行运行，查看出错原因。
测试mycat与测试mysql完全一致，mysql怎么连接，mycat就怎么连接。
推荐先采用命令行测试：
mysql -uroot -proot -P8066 -h127.0.0.1
如果采用工具连接，1.4,1.3目前部分工具无法连接，会提示database not selected，建议采用高版本，navicat测试。1.5已经修复了部分工具连接。
Mycat多节点配置
配置文件：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="node" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
<schema name="node2" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn2">
<!-- auto sharding by id (long)
<table name="user" primaryKey="id" dataNode="dn1,dn2"/>-->
<!-- global table is auto cloned to all defined data nodes ,so can join
with any table whose sharding node is in the same data node
<table name="company" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2" />
<table name="goods" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2" />-->
<!-- random sharding using mod sharind rule
<table name="hotnews" primaryKey="ID" autoIncrement="true" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3"
rule="mod-long" />-->
<!-- <table name="dual" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dnx,dnoracle2" type="global"
needAddLimit="false"/> <table name="worker" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="jdbc_dn1,jdbc_dn2,jdbc_dn3"
rule="mod-long" /> -->
<!--<table name="employee" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2"
rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
<table name="customer" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2"
rule="sharding-by-intfile">
<childTable name="orders" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id"
parentKey="id">
<childTable name="order_items" joinKey="order_id"
parentKey="id" />
</childTable>
<childTable name="customer_addr" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id"
parentKey="id" />
</table>-->
<!-- <table name="oc_call" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1$0-743" rule="latest-month-calldate"
/> -->
</schema>
<!-- <dataNode name="dn1$0-743" dataHost="localhost1" database="db$0-743"
/> -->
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="springdemo" />
<dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost2" database="springdemo" />
<!-- <dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="db3" />
<dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="sequoiadb1" database="SAMPLE" />
<dataNode name="jdbc_dn1" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db1" />
<dataNode name="jdbc_dn2" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db2" />
<dataNode name="jdbc_dn3" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db3" /> -->
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="localhost2" url="10.200.133.19:3306" user="channel_19"
password="wG@dUIVVkR" />
<!--<writeHost host="hostM2" url="localhost:3316" user="root" password="123456"/>-->
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="localhost2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select 1</heartbeat>
<!-- can have multi write hosts -->
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="10.200.133.17:3306" user="channel_17" password="8HUma8n#Eg"/>
</dataHost>
<!--
<dataHost name="sequoiadb1" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" dbType="sequoiadb" dbDriver="jdbc">
<heartbeat> </heartbeat>
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="sequoiadb://1426587161.dbaas.sequoialab.net:11920/SAMPLE" user="jifeng" password="jifeng"></writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="oracle1" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="oracle" dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat>select 1 from dual</heartbeat>
<connectionInitSql>alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'</connectionInitSql>
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:nange" user="base" password="123456" > </writeHost> </dataHost>
<dataHost name="jdbchost" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mongodb" dbDriver="jdbc">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="hostM" url="mongodb://192.168.0.99/test" user="admin" password="123456" ></writeHost> </dataHost>
<dataHost name="sparksql" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" dbType="spark" dbDriver="jdbc">
<heartbeat> </heartbeat>
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:hive2://feng01:10000" user="jifeng" password="jifeng"></writeHost> </dataHost> -->
<!-- <dataHost name="jdbchost" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" dbType="mysql"
dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306" user="root" password="123456"> </writeHost>
</dataHost> -->
</mycat:schema>
server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
<property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
<property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property> <!-- 子查询中存在关联查询的情况下,检查关联字段中是否有分片字段 .默认 false -->
<!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
<!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
<!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
<!--
<property name="processors">1</property>
<property name="processorExecutor">32</property>
-->
<!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena | type 2 NettyBufferPool -->
<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
<!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
<!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
<!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
<!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
<!--
<property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
<!--分布式事务开关，0为不过滤分布式事务，1为过滤分布式事务（如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表，则不过滤），2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
<!--
off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1开启 0关闭
-->
<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>
<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
<!--
单位为k
-->
<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
<!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 -->
<property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
<!-- XA Recovery Log日志路径 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseDir">./</property>-->
<!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
<!--如果为 true的话 严格遵守隔离级别,不会在仅仅只有select语句的时候在事务中切换连接-->
<property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
<property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
</system>
<!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
<!--白名单可以使用通配符%或着*-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="1*7.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--这些配置情况下对于127.0.0.1都能以root账户登录-->
<!--
<firewall>
<whitehost>
<host host="1*7.0.0.*" user="root"/>
</whitehost>
<blacklist check="false">
</blacklist>
</firewall>
-->
<user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">node</property>
<!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
<!--
<privileges check="false">
<schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
<table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
<table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
</schema>
</privileges>
-->
</user>
<user name="user">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">node2</property>
<property name="readOnly">true</property>
</user>
</mycat:server>
注意
<schema name="node" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
与
<user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">node</property>
<!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
<!--
<privileges check="false">
<schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
<table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
<table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
</schema>
</privileges>
-->
</user>
配置对应
大小写无关
反例https://coding.imooc.com/learn/questiondetail/74573.html
验证：
基于Mycat 多租户数据隔离
mycat本事主要作用是数据库垂直分库
基于多个节点的配置可以实现 数据库实例或者数据库级别的数据库隔离
或者配置为逻辑隔离
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