SQL Server 2005安装SP4失败(1): ERROR NUMBER 29534/Error: 5118, Severity: 16, State: 1

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在安装SQL Server 2005 SP4时遇到错误29534和5118，导致服务'MSSQLSERVER'无法启动。问题源于文件'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/LOG/ERRORLOG'的压缩设置，以及磁盘空间不足。解决方案包括检查并取消tempdb.mdf的压缩设置，确保有足够的磁盘空间，并尝试重新安装SP4。

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故障排查
==========
經過我的故障排查，在summary.txt存在以下錯誤信息:
Product                   : Database Services (MSSQLSERVER)
Product Version (Previous): 5000
Product Version (Final)   :
Status                    : Failure
Log File                  : C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Setup Bootstrap/LOG/Hotfix/SQL9_Hotfix_KB2463332_sqlrun_sql.msp.log
Error Number              : 29534
Error Description         : MSP Error: 29534 Service 'MSSQLSERVER' could not be started. Verify that you have sufficient privileges to start system services. The error code is (1814) The specified resource name cannot be found in the image file

查看SQL9_Hotfix_KB2463332_sqlrun_sql.msp.log后,存在以下錯誤信息:
Failed to add file 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/LOG/ERRORLOG' to datastore in AddFileToFailureHandling
Service MSSQLSERVER with parameters '-r -f' is being started at Thu Mar 10 15:54:46 2011
Failed to start service MSSQLSERVER. Error code 1814
Service failed unexpectedly (1814)
Error Code: 0x80070716 (1814)
Windows Error Text: The specified resource name cannot be found in the image file.
Source File Name: sqlsetuplib/service.cpp
Compiler Timestamp: Sat Sep 18 20:51:30 2010
Function Name: sqls::Service::Start
Source Line Number: 301

找到Mar 10 15:54:46 2011的ERRORLOG，存在如下錯誤信息
2011-03-10 15:54:51.55 spid6s      Error: 5118, Severity: 16, State: 1.
2011-03-10 15:54:51.55 spid6s      The file "C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/DATA/tempdb.mdf" is compressed but does not reside in a read-only database or filegroup. The file must be decompressed.
2011-03-10 15:54:51.57 spid6s      Error: 5118, Severity: 16, State: 1.
2011-03-10 15:54:51.57 spid6s      The file "C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/DATA/tempdb.mdf" is compressed but does not reside in a read-only database or filegroup. The file must be decompressed.
2011-03-10 15:54:51.63 spid6s      Error: 1802, Severity: 16, State: 4.
2011-03-10 15:54:51.63 spid6s      CREATE DATABASE failed. Some file names listed could not be created. Check related errors.
2011-03-10 15:54:51.63 spid6s      Could not create tempdb. You may not have enough disk space available. Free additional disk space by deleting other files on the tempdb drive and then restart SQL Server. Check for additional errors in the event log that may indicate why the tempdb files could not be initialized.
這表明tempdb.mdf可能設置了壓縮選項。

解決辦法
==========
1.找到C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/DATA/tempdb.mdf，右鍵->屬性->高级->查看“壓縮該磁盤以節省空間”的選項是否被勾選，如果勾選，則取消這個選項。
2.用相同辦法查看該文件夾中的其他數據庫文件，是否也勾選了這個選項（如果文件名为蓝色，可能该文件选择了压缩选项），并改正。
3.查看C盤的磁盤空間是否不足，如果不足，請確保具有足夠的磁盤空間。（不要通過勾選“壓縮磁盤”來節省空間，如果確實空間不夠，請與我聯繫，我將幫助您一同將數據文件遷移至其他磁盤。）
4.重新安裝SQL Server SP4