IPV6 RFC和地址表示

一IPV6相关RFC：

RFC No.	RFC Title
1752	The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol
1881	IPv6 Address Allocation Management
1887	An Architecture for IPv6 Unicast Address Allocation
2375	IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments
2460	Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification
2526	Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses
2894	Router Renumbering for IPv6
3194	The H-Density Ratio for Address Assignment Efficiency - An Update on the H ratio
3484	Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
3531	A Flexible Method for Managing the Assignment of Bits of an IPv6 Address Block
3582	Goals for IPv6 Site-Multihoming Architectures
3587	IPv6 Global Unicast Address Format
3627	Use of /127 Prefix Length Between Routers Considered Harmful
3701	6bone (IPv6 Testing Address Allocation) Phaseout
3849	IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation
3879	Deprecating Site Local Addresses
3956	Embedding the Rendezvous Point (RP) Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address
4007	IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture
4076	Renumbering Requirements for Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)
4147	Proposed Changes to the Format of the IANA IPv6 Registry
4177	Architectural Approaches to Multi-homing for IPv6
4192	Procedures for Renumbering an IPv6 Network without a Flag Day
4193	Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses
4218	Threats Relating to IPv6 Multihoming Solutions
4291	IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture
4294	IPv6 Node Requirements
4339	IPv6 Host Configuration of DNS Server Information Approaches
4779	ISP IPv6 Deployment Scenarios in Broadband Access Networks
4843	An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers (ORCHID)
4861	Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
4862	IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
4941	Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6
4968	Analysis of IPv6 Link Models for 802.16 Based Networks
5006	IPv6 Router Advertisement Option for DNS Configuration
5156	Special-Use IPv6 Addresses
5157	IPv6 Implications for Network Scanning
5375	IPv6 Unicast Address Assignment Considerations
5453	Reserved IPv6 Interface Identifiers
5887	Renumbering Still Needs Work
5889	IP Addressing Model in Ad Hoc Networks
5902	IAB Thoughts on IPv6 Network Address Translation
5942	IPv6 Subnet Model: The Relationship between Links and Subnet Prefixes
5952	A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation
5963	IPv6 Deployment in Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
6036	Emerging Service Provider Scenarios for IPv6 Deployment
6052	IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators
6059	Simple Procedures for Detecting Network Attachment in IPv6
6104	Rogue IPv6 Router Advertisement Problem Statement
6106	IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration
6164	Using 127-Bit IPv6 Prefixes on Inter-Router Links
6177	IPv6 Address Assignment to End Sites
6214	Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6
6296	IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation
6308	Overview of the Internet Multicast Addressing Architecture
6434	IPv6 Node Requirements
6459	IPv6 in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Evolved Packet System (EPS)
6515	IPv4 and IPv6 Infrastructure Addresses in BGP Updates for Multicast VPN
6540	IPv6 Support Required for All IP-Capable Nodes
6543	Reserved IPv6 Interface Identifier for Proxy Mobile IPv6
6666	A Discard Prefix for IPv6
6676	Multicast Addresses for Documentation
6724	Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
6866	Problem Statement for Renumbering IPv6 Hosts with Static Addresses in Enterprise Networks
6874	Representing IPv6 Zone Identifiers in Address Literals and Uniform Resource Identifiers
6879	IPv6 Enterprise Network Renumbering Scenarios, Considerations, and Methods
6890	Special-Purpose IP Address Registries
6957	Duplicate Address Detection Proxy

二.IPV6地址表示

1.IPv6的组成

• IPv6有128位（2^7位=(2^3)^4位，即2^4=16字节）

• IPv6地址分为8段，每段16位（2字节），段之间用“冒号”(:)隔开

• IPv6地址通常用十六进制表示，由于每段16位，因此有4个十六进制数

   如Google的IPv6地址：2404:6800:400a:0803:0000:0000:0000:1010

2.每段中的前导0可以省略

为了简化IPv6地址的表示，我们通常省略前导0，如上述Google的IPv6地址中0803可以略写为803：

2404:6800:400a:0803:0000:0000:0000:1010 ==> 2404:6800:400a:803:0:0:0:1010

3.连续为0的段可以简写为::

如果出现连续0，则可以改用“双冒号”(::)表示，如上面的例子：

2404:6800:400a:803:0:0:0:1010 ==> 2404:6800:400a:0803::1010

注意：

• 这种缩写方式只能使用一次：

• 如果使用两次双冒号，将无法判断每个双冒号中代表多少个0段

FE80:0:0:0:10DF:0:0:369B ==> FE80::10DF:0:0:369B  or  FE80:0:0:0:10DF::369B not  FE80::10DF::369B

4.IPv6的前缀表示

IPv4的CIDR可以表示所在子网，IPv6的前缀表示法与IPv4的CIDR表示法相同：

地址/前缀长度

如：21DA：D3:0:2F3B::/64表示该地址段前64位固定为21DA：D3:0:2F3B。前缀表示中的双冒号(::)表示剩下部分全为0，是地址的一部分。

5.IPv6地址的特性

• IPv6协议允许多个网络接口拥有同一IPv6地址，以支持负载平衡功能。

• IPv6协议允许一个网络接口具有多个IPv6地址