打包导入pyzbar的脚本时的注意事项

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前言

上次用python写了个二维码扫描器（哈哈顺便推销一下：制作二维码扫描器），核心功能使用了pyzbar来实现，用于扫描二维码。但是很不幸，在打包的时候出现了一些状况。

问题

问题的出现

正常来说，如果我们要用pyinstaller以单文件模式打包一个文件，那么肯定是运行pyinstaller -F --hidden-import <module1> --hidden-import <module2> -i <icon> 之类的命令。这回也不例外，我运行了：

pyinstaller -F -w --hidden-import PIL --hidden-import tkinter --hidden-import pyperclip --hidden-import pyzbar -i icon.ico --add-data=icon_clear.ico:. QRCodeReader.py

可是当我双击运行打包好的exe时，却弹出了错误提示：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 53, in __init__
  File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 374, in __init__
FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'libiconv.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 58, in load
  File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 50, in load_objects
  File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 51, in <listcomp>
  File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 452, in LoadLibrary
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 55, in __init__
pyimod03_ctypes.install.<locals>.PyInstallerImportError: Failed to load dynlib/dll 'libiconv.dll'. Most likely this dynlib/dll was not found when the application was frozen.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 53, in __init__
  File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 374, in __init__
FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI204842\pyzbar\libiconv.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "QRCodeReader.py", line 7, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 419, in exec_module
  File "pyzbar\pyzbar.py", line 7, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 419, in exec_module
  File "pyzbar\wrapper.py", line 151, in <module>
  File "pyzbar\wrapper.py", line 148, in zbar_function
  File "pyzbar\wrapper.py", line 127, in load_libzbar
  File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 60, in load
  File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 50, in load_objects
  File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 51, in <listcomp>
  File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 452, in LoadLibrary
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 55, in __init__
pyimod03_ctypes.install.<locals>.PyInstallerImportError: Failed to load dynlib/dll 'C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\_MEI204842\\pyzbar\\libiconv.dll'. Most likely this dynlib/dll was not found when the application was frozen.
[3252] Failed to execute script 'QRCodeReader' due to unhandled exception!

大概意思是无法加载pyzbar/libiconv.dll。什么叫无法加载？我用pyinstxtract.py将刚才打包好的exe拆了开来，结果发现里面根本就没有pyzbar这个文件夹，更别提libiconv.dll了。

此时我脑残似的从网上随便找了一个libiconv.dll下载，然后打包进去。可依然没用。

解决

再仔细观察抛出的异常，里面有这么一句话：

Could not find module ‘libiconv.dll’ (or one of its dependencies).

这下懂了：无法加载libiconv.dll可能是因为没有libiconv.dll，也可能是因为缺少libiconv.dll的依赖项而导致的。

此时终于恍然大悟：既然libiconv.dll并没有缺失（刚才不是打包进去了嘛），那很可能是因为缺少依赖导致。终于，我在C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages\pyzbar下找到了另外一个dll文件：libzbar-64.dll。将这个dll文件也打包进去，终于没问题了！

所以，最终那个程序的打包命令是：

pyinstaller -F -w --hidden-import PIL --hidden-import tkinter --hidden-import pyperclip --hidden-import pyzbar -i icon.ico --add-data=icon_clear.ico:. --add-data=libiconv.dll:./pyzbar/ --add-data=libzbar-64.dll:./pyzbar/ QRCodeReader.py

大家也可以参考一下。

总结

所以如果想用pyinstaller打包和pyzbar有关的脚本，请提前将C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages\pyzbar文件夹下的libiconv.dll和 libzbar-64.dll复制到工作目录下，并在打包命令中添加--add-data=libzbar-64.dll:./pyzbar/ --add-data=libiconv.dll:./pyzbar/两个参数。