如何提高ASP.NET页面载入速度的方法

1.采用 HTTP Module 控制页面的生命周期。

2.自定义Response.Filter得到输出流stream生成动态页面的静态内容(磁盘缓存)。

3.页面GZIP压缩。

4.OutputCache 编程方式输出页面缓存。

5.删除页面空白字符串。(类似Google)

6.完全删除ViewState。

7.删除服务器控件生成的垃圾NamingContainer。

8.使用计划任务按时生成页面。(本文不包含该做法的实现)

9.JS,CSS压缩、合并、缓存,图片缓存。(限于文章篇幅,本文不包含该做法的实现)

10.缓存破坏。(不包含第9做法的实现)

针对上述做法,我们首先需要一个 HTTP 模块,它是整个页面流程的入口和核心。

一、自定义Response.Filter得到输出流stream生成动态页面的静态内容(磁盘缓存)

如下的代码我们可以看出,我们以 request.RawUrl 为缓存基础,因为它可以包含任意的QueryString变量,然后我们用MD5加密RawUrl 得到服务器本地文件名的变量,再实例化一个FileInfo操作该文件,如果文件最后一次生成时间小于7天,我们就使用.Net2.0新增的 TransmitFile方法将存储文件的静态内容发送到浏览器。如果文件不存在,我们就操作 response.Filter 得到的 Stream 传递给 CommonFilter 类,并利用FileStream写入动态页面的内容到静态文件中。

view source
< id="highlighter_476669_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
01 namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules
02 {
03      public class CommonModule : IHttpModule
04      {
05          public void Init(HttpApplication application)
06          {
07              application.BeginRequest += Application_BeginRequest;
08          }
09          private void Application_BeginRequest( object sender, EventArgs e)
10          {
11              var context= HttpContext.Current; 
12              var request = context.Request; 
13              var url = request.RawUrl;
14              var response = context.Response; 
15              var path = GetPath(url); 
16              var file = new FileInfo(path); 
17              if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalDays < 7)
18              {
19                  response.TransmitFile(path); 
20                  response.End();
21                  return ;
22             
23              try
24              {
25                  var stream = file.OpenWrite();
26                  response.Filter= new CommonFilter(response.Filter, stream);
27              }
28              catch (Exception)
29              {
30                  Log.Insert( "" );
31              }
32         
33          public void Dispose() { }
34          private static string GetPath( string url)
35          {
36              var hash = Hash(url); 
37              string fold = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath( "~/Temp/" ); 
38              return string .Concat(fold, hash);
39          }
40          private static string Hash( string url)
41          {
42              url = url.ToUpperInvariant(); 
43              var md5 = new System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
44              var bs = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(url)); 
45              var s = new StringBuilder();
46              foreach (var b in bs)
47              {
48                  s.Append(b.ToString( "x2" ).ToLower());
49              }
50              return s.ToString();
51          }
52      }
53 }

二、页面GZIP压缩

对页面GZIP压缩几乎是每篇讲解高性能WEB程序的几大做法之一,因为使用GZIP压缩可以降低服务器发送的字节数,能让客户感觉到网页的速度更 快也减少了对带宽的使用情况。当然,这里也存在客户端的浏览器是否支持它。因此,我们要做的是,如果客户端支持GZIP,我们就发送GZIP压缩过的内 容,如果不支持,我们直接发送静态文件的内容。幸运的是,现代浏览器IE6.7.8.0,火狐等都支持GZIP。

为了实现这个功能,我们需要改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件:

view source
< id="highlighter_76620_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
01 private void Application_BeginRequest( object sender, EventArgs e)
02 {
03      var context = HttpContext.Current;
04      var request = context.Request;
05      var url = request.RawUrl;
06      var response = context.Response;
07      var path = GetPath(url);
08      var file = new FileInfo(path);
09      // 使用页面压缩 ResponseCompressionType compressionType = this.GetCompressionMode(request ); 
10      if (compressionType != ResponseCompressionType.None)
11      {
12          response.AppendHeader( "Content-Encoding" , compressionType.ToString().ToLower());
13          if (compressionType == ResponseCompressionType.GZip)
14          {
15              response.Filter = new GZipStream(response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress);
16          }
17          else
18          {
19              response.Filter = new DeflateStream(response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress);
20          }
21      }
22      if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalMinutes < 5)
23      {
24          response.TransmitFile(path);
25          response.End();
26          return ;
27      }
28      try
29      {
30          var stream = file.OpenWrite();
31          response.Filter = new CommonFilter(response.Filter, stream);
32      }
33      catch (Exception)
34      {
35          //Log.Insert(""); 
36      }
37 }
38 private ResponseCompressionType GetCompressionMode(HttpRequest request)
39 {
40      string acceptEncoding = request.Headers[ "Accept-Encoding" ];
41      if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(acceptEncoding))
42          return ResponseCompressionType.None;
43      acceptEncoding = acceptEncoding.ToUpperInvariant();
44      if (acceptEncoding.Contains( "GZIP" ))
45          return ResponseCompressionType.GZip;
46      else if (acceptEncoding.Contains( "DEFLATE" ))
47          return ResponseCompressionType.Deflate;
48      else
49          return ResponseCompressionType.None;
50 }
51 private enum ResponseCompressionType { None, GZip, Deflate }

三、OutputCache 编程方式输出页面缓存

ASP.NET内置的 OutputCache 缓存可以将内容缓存在三个地方:Web服务器、代理服务器和浏览器。当用户访问一个被设置为 OutputCache的页面时,ASP.NET在MSIL之后,先将结果写入output cache缓存,然后在发送到浏览器,当用户访问同一路径的页面时,ASP.NET将直接发送被Cache的内容,而不经过.aspx编译以及执行 MSIL的过程,所以,虽然程序的本身效率没有提升,但是页面载入速度却得到了提升。

为了实现这个功能,我们继续改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件,我们在 TransmitFile 后,将这个路径的页面以OutputCache编程的方式缓存起来:

view source
< id="highlighter_422186_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
01 private void Application_BeginRequest( object sender, EventArgs e)
02 { //.............
03      if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalMinutes < 5)
04      {
05          response.TransmitFile(
06              path);
07          // 添加 OutputCache 缓存头,并缓存在客户端 
08          response.Cache.SetExpires(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(
09      5));
10          response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.Public);
11          response.End();
12          return ;
13      }
14      //............ 
15 }

四、实现CommonFilter类过滤ViewState、过滤NamingContainer、空白字符串,以及生成磁盘的缓 存文件

我们传入response.Filter的Stream对象给CommonFilter类:

首先,我们用先Stream的Write方法实现生成磁盘的缓存文件,代码如下,在这些代码中,只有初始化构造函数,Write方法,Close方 式是有用的,其中FileStream字段是生成静态文件的操作对象:

view source
< id="highlighter_485625_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
01 namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules
02 {
03      public class CommonFilter : Stream
04      {
05          private readonly Stream _responseStream;
06          private readonly FileStream _cacheStream;
07          public override bool CanRead
08          {
09              get
10              {
11                  return false ;
12              }
13          }
14          public override bool CanSeek
15          {
16              get
17              {
18                  return false ;
19              }
20          }
21          public override bool CanWrite
22          {
23              get
24              {
25                  return _responseStream.CanWrite;
26              }
27          }
28          public override long Length
29          {
30              get
31              {
32                  throw new NotSupportedException();
33              }
34          }
35          public override long Position
36          {
37              get
38              {
39                  throw new NotSupportedException();
40              }
41              set
42              {
43                  throw
44                      new NotSupportedException();
45              }
46          }
47          public CommonFilter(Stream responseStream, FileStream stream)
48          {
49              _responseStream = responseStream;
50              _cacheStream = stream;
51          }
52          public override long Seek( long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
53          {
54              throw new NotSupportedException();
55          }
56          public override void SetLength( long length)
57          {
58              throw new NotSupportedException();
59          }
60          public override int Read( byte [] buffer, int offset, int count)
61          {
62              throw new NotSupportedException();
63          }
64          public override void Flush()
65          {
66              _responseStream.Flush();
67              _cacheStream.Flush();
68          }
69          public override void Write( byte [] buffer, int offset, int count)
70          {
71              _cacheStream.Write(
72                  buffer, offset, count);
73              _responseStream.Write(buffer, offset, count);
74          }
75          public override void Close()
76          {
77              _responseStream.Close();
78              _cacheStream.Close();
79          }
80          protected override void Dispose( bool disposing)
81          {
82              if (disposing)
83              {
84                  _responseStream.Dispose();
85                  _cacheStream.Dispose();
86              }
87          }
88      }
89 }

然后我们利用正则完全删除ViewState:

view source
< id="highlighter_554322_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
01 // 过滤ViewState 
02 private string ViewStateFilter( string strHTML)
03 {
04      string matchString1 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__VIEWSTATE/" id=/"__VIEWSTATE/"" ;
05      string matchString2 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__EVENTVALIDATION/" id=/"__EVENTVALIDATION/"" ;
06      stringmatchString3 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__EVENTTARGET/" id=/"__EVENTTARGET/"" ;
07      stringmatchString4 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__EVENTARGUMENT/" id=/"__EVENTARGUMENT/"" ;
08      string positiveLookahead1 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString1) + "))" ;
09      stringpositiveLookahead2 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString2) + "))" ;
10      string positiveLookahead3 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString3) + "))" ;
11      string positiveLookahead4 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString4) + "))" ;
12      RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled;
13      Regex[] arrRe = new Regex[] { new Regex( "//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead1 + "(.*?)</div>//s*" , opt), new Regex( "//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead2 + "(.*?)</div>//s*" , opt), new Regex( "//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>//s*" , opt), new Regex( "//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>//s*" , opt), new Regex( "//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead4 + "(.*?)</div>//s*" , opt) };
14      foreach (Regex re in arrRe)
15      {
16          strHTML = re.Replace(strHTML, "" );
17     
18      return strHTML;
19 }

以下是删除页面空白的方法:

view source
< id="highlighter_907629_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
01 // 删除空白 
02 private Regex tabsRe = new Regex( "//t" , RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
03 private Regex carriageReturnRe = new Regex( ">//r//n<" , RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
04 private Regex carriageReturnSafeRe = new Regex( "//r//n" , RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
05 private Regex multipleSpaces = new Regex( " " , RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
06 private Regex spaceBetweenTags = new Regex( ">//s<" , RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
07 private string WhitespaceFilter( string html)
08 {
09      html = tabsRe.Replace(html, string .Empty);
10      html = carriageReturnRe.Replace(html, "><" );
11      html = carriageReturnSafeRe.Replace(html, " " );
12      while (multipleSpaces.IsMatch(html))
13          html = multipleSpaces.Replace(html, " " );
14      html = spaceBetweenTags.Replace(html, "><" );
15      html = html.Replace( "//<![CDATA[" , "" );
16      html = html.Replace( "//]]>" , "" );
17      return html;
18 }

以下是删除ASP.NET控件的垃圾UniqueID名称方法:

view source
< id="highlighter_121839_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
1          // 过滤NamingContainer <BR>        private string NamingContainerFilter(string html)<BR>        {<BR>            RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled;<BR>            Regex re = new Regex("( name=/")(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape("$") + "))([^/"]+?)(/")", opt);<BR>            html = re.Replace(html, new MatchEvaluator(delegate(Match m)<BR>            {<BR>                int lastDollarSignIndex = m.Value.LastIndexOf('$');<BR>                if (lastDollarSignIndex >= 0)<BR>                {<BR>                    return m.Groups[1].Value + m.Value.Substring(lastDollarSignIndex + 1);<BR>                }<BR>                else<BR>                {<BR>                    return m.Value;<BR>                }<BR>            }));<BR>            return html;

最后,我们把以上过滤方法整合到CommonFilter类的Write方法:

view source
< id="highlighter_107066_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
01 public override void Write( byte [] buffer, int offset, int count)
02 {
03      // 转换buffer为字符串
04      byte [] data = new byte [count];
05      Buffer.BlockCopy(buffer, offset, data, 0, count);
06      string html = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
07      // 以下整合过滤方法 
08      html = NamingContainerFilter(html);
09      html = ViewStateFilter(html);
10      html = WhitespaceFilter(html);
11      byte [] outdata = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(html);
12      // 写入磁盘 
13      _cacheStream.Write(outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength(0));
14      _responseStream.Write(outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength(0));
15 }

五、缓存破坏

经过以上程序的实现,网页已经被高速缓存在客户端了,如果果用户访问网站被缓存过的页面,则页面会以0请求的速度加载页面。但是,如果后台更新了某 些数据,前台用户则不能及时看到最新的数据,因此要改变这种情况,我们必须破坏缓存。根据我们如上的程序,我们破坏缓存只需要做2步:更新服务器上的临时 文件,删除OutputCache过的页面。

更新服务器上的文件我们只需删除这个文件即可,当某一用户第一次访问该页面时会自动生成,当然,你也可以用程序先删除后生成:

view source
< id="highlighter_394560_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
1     // 更新文件 
2 foreach (var file in Directory.GetFiles(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath + "Temp" ))
3     {
4         File.Delete(file);
5     }

要删除OutputCache关联的缓存项,代码如下,我们只需要保证该方法的参数,指页面的绝对路径是正确的,路径不能使用../这样的相对路 径:

view source
< id="highlighter_560200_clipboard" title="copy to clipboard" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="16" height="16" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
print ?
1 // 删除缓存  
2 HttpResponse.RemoveOutputCacheItem( "/Default.aspx" );

到此,我们实现了针对一个页面的性能,重点是载入速度的提高的一些做法,希望对大家有用~!

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