Django基础教程（132）Django ViewSets和Routers之使用视图、视图集的利弊：Django REST framework（DRF）里的“大杀器”：ViewSets（视图集）和R

你是否有过这样的经历：吭哧吭哧写了一大堆视图，感觉代码又臭又长，仿佛一个“API码农”？别急，ViewSets和Routers就是来拯救你的“代码瘦身专家”！但它们真的是万能灵药吗？今天，咱就化身“Django老中医”，给你来个深度号脉，看看这剂“猛药”到底该怎么吃。

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第一章：原始时代——没有ViewSets的日子，我们都是“手工耿”

在ViewSets这个“智能家电”出现之前，我们过的是啥日子？那得从最基本的视图讲起。

1.1 函数视图（FBV）：最原始的“手工作坊”

想象一下，你要给一个Article模型写一套CRUD API，最开始你可能这么写：

# models.py
from django.db import models

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

# views.py (FBV风格)
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from .models import Article
from .serializers import ArticleSerializer

@api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
def article_list(request):
    """处理文章列表的获取和创建"""
    if request.method == 'GET':
        articles = Article.objects.all()
        serializer = ArticleSerializer(articles, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == 'POST':
        serializer = ArticleSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def article_detail(request, pk):
    """处理单篇文章的获取、更新和删除"""
    try:
        article = Article.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Article.DoesNotExist:
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

    if request.method == 'GET':
        serializer = ArticleSerializer(article)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == 'PUT':
        serializer = ArticleSerializer(article, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    elif request.method == 'DELETE':
        article.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

然后在url