android网络编程_ http

Android 如何使用Http协议访问网络

 

     Android使用Http协议访问网络主要有两种方式，一个是使用 java.net.*(标准Java接口)，另一个是使用 Org.apache接口。

     java.net.*:中是可以认为是JDK中的java网络处理包，提供了流，Socket,网络协议等常见网络相关类。

     Apache HttpClient:是一个开源项目，功能相对与JDK中的更加完善，可以为客户端提供高效丰富的Http编程支持

 

一：使用java.net包来进行Http协议的网络编程

public class CustomHttpURLConnection {
	private static String TAG = "CustomHttpUrlConnection";
	//代表 客户端与服务器之间的一个Http连接
	private static HttpURLConnection conn;
	
	public CustomHttpURLConnection() {
	}

	/**
	 * 向服务器发送Get请求
	 * @param strUrl 发送Get请求的url地址
	 * @param nameValuePairs get请求参数
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String GetFromWebByHttpUrlConnection(String strUrl,
			NameValuePair... nameValuePairs) {
		String result="";
		try {
			//1.新建Url对象
			URL url = new URL(strUrl);
			//2.获取并设置HttpURLConnection对象
			conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
			conn.setDoInput(true);
			conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
			conn.setReadTimeout(4000);
			conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
			//3.连接服务器
			conn.connect();
			//4.从建立好的连接中获取inputStream
			InputStream stream=conn.getInputStream();
			//5.为了更好的读取inputStream中的数据，包装inputStream
			InputStreamReader inReader=new InputStreamReader(stream);
			BufferedReader buffer=new BufferedReader(inReader);
			//6.开始读取数据
			String strLine=null;
			while((strLine=buffer.readLine())!=null)
			{
				result+=strLine;
			}
			//7.关闭出入流
			inReader.close();
			//8.关闭连接
			conn.disconnect();
			
			return result;
		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
			Log.e(TAG, "getFromWebByHttpUrlCOnnection:"+e.getMessage());
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		} catch (IOException e) {
			Log.e(TAG, "getFromWebByHttpUrlCOnnection:"+e.getMessage());
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 向服务器发送Post请求
	 * @param strUrl
	 * @param nameValuePairs
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String PostFromWebByHttpURLConnection(String strUrl,
			NameValuePair... nameValuePairs) {
		String result="";
		try {
			URL url = new URL(strUrl);
			conn = (HttpURLConnection) url
					.openConnection();
			// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true; 
			conn.setDoInput(true);
			// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，因为这个是post请求，参数要放在   
			// http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false; 
			conn.setDoOutput(true);
			// 设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET 
			conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
			//设置超时
			conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
			conn.setReadTimeout(4000);
			// Post 请求不能使用缓存 
			conn.setUseCaches(false);
			conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
			// 设定传送的内容类型是可序列化的java对象   
			// (如果不设此项,在传送序列化对象时,当WEB服务默认的不是这种类型时可能抛java.io.EOFException)  
			conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
					"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
			// 连接，从上述第2条中url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成，
			conn.connect();
			
			InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
			InputStreamReader inStream=new InputStreamReader(in);
			BufferedReader buffer=new BufferedReader(inStream);
			String strLine=null;
			while((strLine=buffer.readLine())!=null)
			{
				result+=strLine;
			}
			return result;
		} catch (IOException ex) {
			Log.e(TAG,"PostFromWebByHttpURLConnection："+ ex.getMessage());
			ex.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
	}

}

 

 

二：使用Apache HttpClient

 

public class CustomHttpClient {
	private static String TAG = "CustomHttpClient";
	private static final CommonLog log = LogFactory.createLog();
	private static final String CHARSET_UTF8 = HTTP.UTF_8;
	private static final String CHARSET_GB2312 = "GB2312";
	private static HttpClient customerHttpClient;

	private CustomHttpClient() {

	}

	/**
	 * HttpClient post方法
	 * 
	 * @param url
	 * @param nameValuePairs
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String PostFromWebByHttpClient(Context context, String url,
			NameValuePair... nameValuePairs) {
		try {
			List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
			if (nameValuePairs != null) {
				for (int i = 0; i < nameValuePairs.length; i++) {
					params.add(nameValuePairs[i]);
				}
			}
			UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncoded = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,
					CHARSET_UTF8);
			HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
			httpPost.setEntity(urlEncoded);
			HttpClient client = getHttpClient(context);
			HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
				throw new RuntimeException("请求失败");
			}
			HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
			return (resEntity == null) ? null : EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,
					CHARSET_UTF8);
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage());
			return null;
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage());
			return null;
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
					R.string.httpError), e);
		} 
	}

	public static String getFromWebByHttpClient(Context context, String url,
			NameValuePair... nameValuePairs) throws Exception{
			log.d("getFromWebByHttpClient url = " + url);
		try {
			// http地址
			// String httpUrl =
			// "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp?par=HttpClient_android_Get";
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			sb.append(url);
			if (nameValuePairs != null && nameValuePairs.length > 0) {
				sb.append("?");
				for (int i = 0; i < nameValuePairs.length; i++) {
					if (i > 0) {
						sb.append("&");
					}
					sb.append(String.format("%s=%s",
							nameValuePairs[i].getName(),
							nameValuePairs[i].getValue()));
				}
			}
			// HttpGet连接对象
			HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(sb.toString());
			// 取得HttpClient对象
			HttpClient httpclient = getHttpClient(context);
			// 请求HttpClient，取得HttpResponse
			HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);
			// 请求成功
			if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
				throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
						R.string.httpError));
			}
			return EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
					R.string.httpError),e);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			log.e("IOException ");
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
					R.string.httpError),e);
		} 	
	}

	/**
	 * 创建httpClient实例
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static synchronized HttpClient getHttpClient(Context context) {
		if (null == customerHttpClient) {
			HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
			// 设置一些基本参数
			HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
			HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET_UTF8);
			HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);
			HttpProtocolParams
					.setUserAgent(
							params,
							"Mozilla/5.0(Linux;U;Android 2.2.1;en-us;Nexus One Build.FRG83) "
									+ "AppleWebKit/553.1(KHTML,like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1");
			// 超时设置
			/* 从连接池中取连接的超时时间 */
			ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000);
			/* 连接超时 */
			int ConnectionTimeOut = 3000;
			if (!HttpUtils.isWifiDataEnable(context)) {
				ConnectionTimeOut = 10000;
			}
			HttpConnectionParams
					.setConnectionTimeout(params, ConnectionTimeOut);
			/* 请求超时 */
			HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
			// 设置我们的HttpClient支持HTTP和HTTPS两种模式
			SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry();
			schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory
					.getSocketFactory(), 80));
			schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory
					.getSocketFactory(), 443));

			// 使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient
			ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(
					params, schReg);
			customerHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params);
		}
		return customerHttpClient;
	}
}