Extracting Files from RPM Packages

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-20 20:53:55 发布

翻译最新推荐文章于 2023-12-20 20:53:55 发布 · 800 阅读

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本文指导如何从受损的RPM软件包中提取文件，并将其复制回原始位置，解决系统中可能遇到的软件损坏问题。通过使用rpm-qf命令查找文件来源，然后使用rpm2cpio|cpio-idmv命令从包中提取文件到临时目录，最后将文件复制回其应有的位置。

Extracting Files from RPM Packages

Software installed on your computer may become damaged. If this happens, it's good to know that you can extract files from the packages and copy them to the original location of the file.

Every RPM package consists of two parts: the metadata part that describes what is in the package and a cpio archive that contains the actual files in the package. If a file has been damaged, you can start with the rpm -qf query option to find out from what package the file originated. Next use rpm2cpio | cpio -idmv to extract the files from the package to a temporary location. In Exercise 4.5, you'll learn how to do this.

Exercise 4.5: Extracting Files from RPM Packages

In this exercise, you'll learn how to identify from which package a file originated. Next you'll extract the package to the /tmp directory, which allows you to copy the original file from the extracted RPM to the location where it's supposed to exist.

Use rm -f /usr/sbin/modem-manager. Oops! You've just deleted a file from your system! (It normally doesn't do any harm to delete modem-manager, because it's hardly ever used anymore.
Use rpm -qf /usr/sbin/modem-manager. This command shows that the file comes from the ModemManager package.
Copy the ModemManager package file from the repository you created in Exercise 4.1 to the /tmp directory by using the cp /repo/ModemM[Tab] /tmp command.
Change the directory to the /tmp command, and use rpm2cpio |cpio -idmv to extract the package.
The command you used in step 4 created a few subdirectories in /tmp. Activate the directory /tmp/usr/sbin, where you can find the modem-manager file. You can now copy it to its original location in /usr/sbin.