linux 6.8 lvm 分区扩容-整理版（10.20.129.203）

于 2024-02-21 11:40:36 发布
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文章标签： linux 运维 服务器
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/jlspftp/article/details/136207860
博客介绍了Linux服务器磁盘扩容的相关操作。包括磁盘分区格式设置，创建PV，查看vg及lv，扩容VG和LV，在扩容LV后若df查看空间未增加需重新定义分区大小以对文件系统扩容，最后完成扩容后删除虚拟机快照避免备份报错。

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前提：
     备份系统数据，虚拟机做快照。
     确定可扩容时间。
     升级失败后，可利用快照进行恢复，如快照不能恢复，可利用备份软件进行前一天的数据恢复。
1、查看原磁盘状态： 
[root@spczdb11 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol00  125G   14G  106G  12% /
tmpfs                         7.8G   72K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                    1008M   62M  895M   7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol01  138G   35G   97G  27% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00  493G  418G   50G  90% /oradata
[root@spczdb11 ~]# lsblk
NAME                        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
sdb                           8:16   0  500G  0 disk
`-sdb1                        8:17   0  500G  0 part
  `-vg_db12-LogVol00 (dm-1) 253:1    0  500G  0 lvm  /oradata
sda                           8:0    0  300G  0 disk
|-sda1                        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
|-sda2                        8:2    0   32G  0 part [SWAP]
`-sda3                        8:3    0  267G  0 part
  |-vg_db11-LogVol00 (dm-0) 253:0    0  127G  0 lvm  /
  `-vg_db11-LogVol01 (dm-2) 253:2    0  140G  0 lvm  /home
2、添加一块新的磁盘，容量为2T,系统下FDISK 可能看不到，需要重启操作系统，不重启方法： 
[root@spczdb11 ~]# cat /proc/scsi/scsi
Attached devices:
Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: NECVMWar Model: VMware IDE CDR10 Rev: 1.00
  Type:   CD-ROM                           ANSI  SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: VMware   Model: Virtual disk     Rev: 1.0
  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 02
Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 01 Lun: 00
  Vendor: VMware   Model: Virtual disk     Rev: 1.0
  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 02
[root@spczdb11 ~]# echo "scsi add-single-device 2 0 2 0">/proc/scsi/scsi
[root@spczdb11 ~]# lsblk
NAME                        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
sdb                           8:16   0  500G  0 disk
`-sdb1                        8:17   0  500G  0 part
  `-vg_db12-LogVol00 (dm-1) 253:1    0  500G  0 lvm  /oradata
sda                           8:0    0  300G  0 disk
|-sda1                        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
|-sda2                        8:2    0   32G  0 part [SWAP]
`-sda3                        8:3    0  267G  0 part
  |-vg_db11-LogVol00 (dm-0) 253:0    0  127G  0 lvm  /
  `-vg_db11-LogVol01 (dm-2) 253:2    0  140G  0 lvm  /home
sdc                           8:32   0    2T  0 disk

3、磁盘分区 格式为  8E

[root@spczdb11 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0006614a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       65271   524286976   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000341ce

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1         131     1048576   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2             131        4309    33554432   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3            4309       39163   279968768   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol00: 136.3 GB, 136314880000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16572 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00: 536.9 GB, 536866717696 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol01: 150.4 GB, 150369992704 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 18281 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/sdc: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@spczdb11 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd98e85a6.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: The size of this disk is 2.2 TB (2199023255552 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID
partition table format (GPT).


WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-267349, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-267349, default 267349):
Using default value 267349

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd98e85a6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1      267349  2147480811   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

4、创建PV:

[root@spczdb11 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
  dev_is_mpath: failed to get device for 8:33
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@spczdb11 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG      Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda3  vg_db11 lvm2 a--  267.00g    0
  /dev/sdb1  vg_db12 lvm2 a--  500.00g    0
  /dev/sdc1          lvm2 a--    2.00t 2.00t

5、查看vg 及lv:

[root@spczdb11 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_db12
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               500.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              127999
  Alloc PE / Size       127999 / 500.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               tu0ePT-5wEd-eH1f-Obw3-fg6L-B1X8-acLjb5
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_db11
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               267.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              68351
  Alloc PE / Size       68351 / 267.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               7ablFQ-AEia-B5P8-8KFc-TjCl-CBwa-DO2tT9
===================================================================================================================================

[root@spczdb11 ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_db12/LogVol00
  LV Name                LogVol00
  VG Name                vg_db12
  LV UUID                fOFLti-ZPu8-Cqvc-JaJa-TzRu-fq75-FoaSXN
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time spczdb11, 2018-04-19 04:35:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                500.00 GiB
  Current LE             127999
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_db11/LogVol01
  LV Name                LogVol01
  VG Name                vg_db11
  LV UUID                9IJk70-TSZI-XwUA-HeLT-9gW2-mu32-t2vk6B
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time spczdb11, 2018-04-19 04:35:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                140.04 GiB
  Current LE             35851
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_db11/LogVol00
  LV Name                LogVol00
  VG Name                vg_db11
  LV UUID                PhcvMG-Kv8j-d5dB-0Zcg-43mU-9M54-AyS6Ip
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time spczdb11, 2018-04-19 04:35:24 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                126.95 GiB
  Current LE             32500
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

6、扩容VG:

[root@spczdb11 ~]# vgextend vg_db12 /dev/sdc1
  Volume group "vg_db12" successfully extended
[root@spczdb11 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_db12
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               2.49 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              652286
  Alloc PE / Size       127999 / 500.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       524287 / 2.00 TiB                                            剩余空间为2TB
  VG UUID               tu0ePT-5wEd-eH1f-Obw3-fg6L-B1X8-acLjb5
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_db11
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               267.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              68351
  Alloc PE / Size       68351 / 267.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               7ablFQ-AEia-B5P8-8KFc-TjCl-CBwa-DO2tT9

[root@spczdb11 ~]# lvextend -L +2T /dev/vg_db12/LogVol00
  Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 2.49 TiB
  Insufficient free space: 524288 extents needed, but only 524287 available       只能添加 524287 个扇区 ，所以选择添加1.99T。（具体换算太麻烦，没有必要那么精确）
[root@spczdb11 ~]# lvextend -L +1.99T /dev/vg_db12/LogVol00
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 1.99 TiB
  Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 2.48 TiB
  Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized
   
[root@spczdb11 ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_db12/LogVol00
  LV Name                LogVol00
  VG Name                vg_db12
  LV UUID                fOFLti-ZPu8-Cqvc-JaJa-TzRu-fq75-FoaSXN
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time spczdb11, 2018-04-19 04:35:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                2.48 TiB                                        再次查看LV   size 为 2.48TB  ，（新添加的2T 加上 原有的500GB ）
  Current LE             649666
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_db11/LogVol01
  LV Name                LogVol01
  VG Name                vg_db11
  LV UUID                9IJk70-TSZI-XwUA-HeLT-9gW2-mu32-t2vk6B
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time spczdb11, 2018-04-19 04:35:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                140.04 GiB
  Current LE             35851
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_db11/LogVol00
  LV Name                LogVol00
  VG Name                vg_db11
  LV UUID                PhcvMG-Kv8j-d5dB-0Zcg-43mU-9M54-AyS6Ip
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time spczdb11, 2018-04-19 04:35:24 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                126.95 GiB
  Current LE             32500
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

7、扩容LV后，df查看空间没有增加，需要重新定义分区 大小。（对文件系统进行扩容）

[root@spczdb11 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol00  125G   14G  106G  12% /
tmpfs                         7.8G   72K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                    1008M   62M  895M   7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol01  138G   35G   97G  27% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00  493G  418G   50G  90% /oradata
[root@spczdb11 ~]#
[root@spczdb11 ~]#
[root@spczdb11 ~]# resize2fs  /dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00      ### 如果是XFS文件系统要会执行附录中的命令来更新文件系统
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00 is mounted on /oradata; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 32, new_desc_blocks = 159
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00 to 665257984 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00 is now 665257984 blocks long.

[root@spczdb11 ~]# df -h                                                                            重新定义完成后查看空间
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol00  125G   14G  106G  12% /
tmpfs                         7.8G   72K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                    1008M   62M  895M   7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_db11-LogVol01  138G   35G   97G  27% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_db12-LogVol00  2.5T  418G  2.0T  18% /oradata

8、扩容完成，删除虚拟机快照，免去备份报错。

[root@RackShift ~]# mount | grep root            #查看 文件系统
/dev/mapper/centos-root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
  
[root@RackShift ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-var
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-var isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1310720 to 14365696

[root@RackShift ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G   12M  3.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   60G   12G   49G  20% /
/dev/sda1                197M  132M   66M  67% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   10G   33M   10G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/centos-var    55G  4.7G   51G   9% /var
tmpfs                    781M     0  781M   0% /run/user/0

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